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Lecture notes

interference theory

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explanations for forgetting interference theory in topic of memory aqa a level psychology

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  • September 4, 2024
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Explanations for forgetting interference theory.

- Occurs when 2 pieces of information become confused in memory, resulting in forgetting
one or both, and distortion in memory.
- Occurs when information is similar.
- Less likely to occur when there's a large gap between instances of memory.

Forgetting information from LTM may be caused by 2 competing memories interfering with
each other. This can be retroactive or proactive:

 Proactive interference – when an older memory interferes with a new one e.g., teacher
learning so many names in the past and then struggling to remember her new classes
names.
 Retroactive interference – when a newer memory disrupts recall of older information
and we forget an old memory e.g., changing your email and can't remember old email.

McGeoth and McDonald (1931)  effects of similarity on forgetting. (retroactive interference)
- Degree of interference increases the more similar the memories are.
- Studied retroactive interference by changing the amount of similarity between 2 sets of
materials in a lab.
- Participants had to learn a list of 10 words until they had 100% accuracy.
- They then learned a new list, 6 groups had to learn different lists:
 Group 1 – synonyms  words with the same meanings as the original
 Group 2 – antonyms  words with the opposite meanings as the originals
 Group 3 – words unrelated to the original ones
 Group 4 – consonant syllables
 Group 5 – 3-digit numbers
 Group 6 – now new list (control condition)

Findings
- Group given words most similar in meaning (synonyms) remembered the least of the 1 st
set of words.
- Suggesting interference is strongest when memories are similar.
- Supporting retroactive interference.


EVALUATION

 Real life research – Baddeley and Hitch (1977)
- Investigated whether forgetting was due to interference using rugby players.
- Asked rugby players at the end of the season to recall all the names of the teams they
had played that season week by week.
- Some players had missed matches due to injury.

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