MIP 302 Exam 1 Questions with All Correct Answers
What is viral cultivation? - Answer-The replication of a virus in living cells
What is the main necessary component of viral cultivation? - Answer-Living cells
Describe the setup of the plaque assay. - Answer-E. coli is mixed with a bacter...
MIP 302 Exam 1 Questions with All
Correct Answers
What is viral cultivation? - Answer-The replication of a virus in living cells
What is the main necessary component of viral cultivation? - Answer-Living cells
Describe the setup of the plaque assay. - Answer-E. coli is mixed with a bacteriophage
in a TSA then poured into a plate; the E. coli form a bacterial lawn then the phages
infect the E. coli cells and lyse them, forming the plaques
Why did you dilute the phage stock in the plaque assay? - Answer-To calculate how
many PFUs (phages) were present on different TSA plates
Why did you add a specific volume of bacteria to each agar deep in the plaque assay? -
Answer-To keep a constant amount of bacteria in each agar deep
Why didn't you add bacteria until we were nearly ready to pour the agar deep over the
plate in the plaque assay? - Answer-We added bacteria first because the
bacteriophages need a living cell to grow in; soft agar deeps solidify quickly
How and where does the bacteria grow in the plaque assay? - Answer-The bacteria
grow within the agar overlay and form a confluent bacterial lawn
What is a plaque? - Answer-Holes formed in the lawn of bacterial cells when enough
have been infected and lysed by the phage
How is a plaque formed? - Answer-Phages infect and lyse the bacteria causing holes in
the bacterial lawn
What is a plaque forming unit? - Answer-Each plaque that is the result of an infection by
one phage
What is the dilution ratio? - Answer-# sample parts/(# sample parts + # dilute parts)
What is the formula for calculating PFUs? - Answer-PFUs in diluted sample = (PFU/mL
original sample)x(dilution)x(volume used)
What is a serial dilution ? - Answer-Stepwise dilution of a substance
What is a chemotherapeutic agent? - Answer-Agents that are administered internally to
the host for the control of microbial infections
, What is selective toxicity? - Answer-Chemotherapeutic agents must be more toxic to the
pathogen than to the host
What are some of the main mechanisms of chemotherapeutic agents? (x5) - Answer-
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis; Inhibition of protein synthesis; Inhibition of nucleic acid
synthesis; Cell membrane disruption; Metabolic antagonism
In general, how do penicillin and other B-lactam antibiotics work? - Answer-By inhibiting
cell wall synthesis
What cell types are penicillin and B-lactam antibiotics most effective against? - Answer-
Bacteria with a peptidoglycan cell wall
Why are penicillin and B-lactam antibiotics not harmful to humans? - Answer-Human
cells do not have a peptidoglycan cell wall
How does tetracycline work? - Answer-Inhibition of protein synthesis by attacking the
30s ribosome subunit
Why are eukaryotic organisms less affected by tetracycline compared to bacteria? -
Answer-Eukaryotic organisms have a 40s ribosome subunit while bacterial cells have a
30s ribosome subunit
All of the aspects of the Kirby-Bauer test are standardized in such a manner that the
only variable being tested in the bacteria's interaction with the antibiotics. How did we
standardize this experiment? - Answer-The inoculum is standardized using McFarland
Standards
What is a McFarland standard? - Answer-An inoculum with a certain density of E. coli
that the inoculum being tested can be compared to in order to ensure that the same
number of bacteria are in each sample
What are the 5 kingdoms? - Answer-Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Monera
What kingdom(s) contain prokaryotes? - Answer-Monera
What kingdom(s) contain eukaryotes? - Answer-Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista
What kingdom(s) contain microorganisms? - Answer-Protista, Fungi, Monera
What kingdom do bacteria fall into? - Answer-Monera
What kingdom do fungi fall into? - Answer-Fungi
What kingdom do protists fall into? - Answer-Protista
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