AQA GCSE Geography
Contains notes on both paper 1 and 2 including all topics in specification
Helped me to achieve grade 9 at GCSE
Easy to understand
Broken down into topics and subtopics
Key words in bold
Diagrams self drawn
Resource Management
The global distribution of resources
Food, energy and water are fundamental to human development - the progress of a country and its people in
terms of economic growth, the use of technology and human welfare
Resources are unevenly distributed across the world
HICs – high resource supply, high standard of living
LICs – lack of resources, low quality of life
Economic wellbeing – a measure of how much people have to sustain their standard of living
Social wellbeing – the social condition of an individual or group
Factors that can affect wellbeing – job, salary, living condition, access to resources, healthcare, life expectancy
Food Water Energy
Economic People need to be well fed to be Managing water supply is Traded worldwide to power
productive to contribute to their expensive causing poor countries factories and machinery, as
country’s development to have water shortages countries become more
industrialised, demand increases
Social 2 billion people suffer from Essential for humans to survive Needed for everyday life, energy
malnutrition which results in and as populations grow, consumption increases as
illness and disease pressure on water increases populations grow
Daily kilocalorie consumption - food
Calorie consumption is highest across North America and Europe compared to Sub Saharan countries where the
calorie consumption is below the average daily intake.
Water scarcity - water
Water scarcity levels are highest in North and South Africa, across the
Middle East, Australia and parts of North America. In these areas, there
are 12 months of water scarcity. However there are low water scarcity
levels in Europe and across parts of Asia and South America.
Energy consumption - energy
The lowest energy consumption is across Central Africa, India, and Pakistan.
This contrasts to the energy consumption in North America, Europe and Asia that
is very high.
Provision of food in the UK
,By 2037, the population of the UK is expected to rise 73 million – increases the demand for food
Despite the UK’s efficient and productive farming sector the UK is not self-sufficient for food supplies
Why does the UK import so much food?
- UK produced food is expensive due to poor harvests or price of animal feed
- Availability of cheaper food from abroad imported by supermarkets who compete for low prices
- Demand for greater choice and more exotic foods
- UK climate is unsuitable for the production of some foods
- Demand for seasonal produce all year round
Food miles are the distances travelled by foods imported to the UK
Transporting food by air is expensive and adds to carbon footprint
There is a growing demand for high-value food exports from low income countries (Kenya)
Demand for seasonal produce all year round
Positives Negatives
- Employs people - Food shortage in Kenya
- Adds to economy - Distribution issues – energy, money
- Cheap food for the UK - Weather dependant
- 1.5 million pounds of food imported - Uses up Kenya’s water supply
Agribusiness – intensive farming aimed at maximising the amount of food produced
Uses high levels of chemicals, machinery and technology to increase the yield
Organic produce – produce is grown without the use of chemicals – more natural, environmentally friendly
Greater demand for this as people become more aware of what they are consuming
Provision of water in the UK
Almost 50% of the UK’s water supply is used domestically, 21% is wasted through leakage
The environment agency estimates that the demand for water will rise by 5% by 2020
Where there are areas of higher population density, there is greater water stress – where
demand exceeds supply
- The north and west of the UK has a water surplus – high rainfall, lower evaporation
rates, storage reservoirs, low population density
- The south and east of the UK has a water deficit – low rainfall, high population density
A water transfer grid has been proposed to transfer water from areas of surplus to areas of deficit:
Positives Negatives
- Prevents droughts in areas - Expensive
- Increase water supply to areas in deficit - Impacts the land and wildlife
- Large amounts of greenhouse gases released
Saving water can be made by:
- Use of recycled water
- More efficient domestic appliances
Managing water quality of the UK’s rivers and water sources:
- Monitoring quality of river water
, - Filtering water to remove sediment
- Purifying water by chlorination
- Imposing regulations on use of water
-
Provision of energy in the UK
Non-renewables – fossil fuels
Coal Oil
Positives Negatives Positives Negatives
- Cheap - Harmful to - Readily available - Water pollution
- Larges reserves environment across the world - Greenhouse gas
- Can be harnessed all - Large carbon - Used in industry emission
year round emissions - High energy density - Expensive to
- Danger to health transport
Gas Fracking shale gas
- Abundant supply - Highly flammable - Reduced coal - Can cause
- Less carbon dioxide - Minimizes production earthquakes
emissions than coil dependency of - Self sufficiency - Destruction of
or oil foreign resources - Jobs created natural habitats
- Easy to transport - Greenhouse - Large carbon
gases released emissions
Renewables
Solar Waves / hydroelectricity
Positives Negatives Positives Negatives
-
Less carbon - Expensive - Higher power output - Expensive
emissions - Weather - Zero carbon emissions - Environmental
- Reduces electricity dependent - Long lasting impacts
bills - Uses a lot of equipment - Not constant power
- Low maintenance space production
costs
Geothermal Wind
- Reliable source - High costs - Creates jobs - Impacts local
- High efficiency - Location - Small carbon footprint wildlife
- No significant restricted - Low water - Wind speed
pollution - Risk of consumption dependance
earthquakes - Less power than
fossil fuels
Nuclear
- No polluting gases - Radioactive waste
- Low fuel costs - Large scale accidents are dangerous
- Does not contribute to global warming - High maintenance costs
Energy management
Global energy supply and demand
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