Summary
Summary AQA Sociology A-Level Revision; Beliefs in Society
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A* notes for the beliefs in society unit
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Beliefs In Society1. Theories of religion
2. Science and religion
3. Religion and social change
4. Religious organisations
5. Religion and religiosity – age, gender, ethnicity and social class
6. Secularisation, globalisation, and fundamentalism
In the exam
1 x 10 marker: ‘analyse 2 ways…’
1 x 10 marker: (WITH ITEM) ‘using Item X, analyse 2 Rahim Ali ™
ways…’ Year 13
1 x 20 marker: (WITH ITEM) ‘Using Item Y, evaluate…; Beliefs and Society
, Defining There are 3 key definitions of religion
religion
Relationship between religion and science
1. Functional definition: They argue that any set of
Each religion has a key set of paradigms beliefs can be seen as religious if it positively Positivists sees science and religion as a direct link as it is a rational approach
(Set of assumptions and expectations) benefits society and brings harmony. Religion should religion works.
such as having a set of key dominant unite communities through faith and devotion. Weber- the scientific approach shifted the life of religious people rapidly durin
beliefs and believing in a supreme being, Yinger- They identify the function that religion
practicing collective worship, the belief in carries out. It suggests that it is about answering Dixon and religion: Science is an ‘open belief system’. Fe
life after death and religious rituals etc. questions about the meaning of life and what • Pre- 18th century: religion was the as open as it claims it is. Scientists d
happens when we die. They tend to include many most dominant way of explaining own rules as there is no way of verifi
Case study: Vissarion (Sergei Torop) things and it is overly-complex. A football chant can how the world works. Then it was and what they say is not really what
• Religious person who people believe be considered as being more ‘integration’ rather superseded by scientific Kuhn: he challenges the openness o
as the ‘son of god’ than religion. explanations such as the Big Bang refuse to consider challenges and op
• Media portrays him negatively as they 2. Substantiative definition: They focuses on the Theory. research due to the scientific comm
see him as being fraudulent substance of the religious belief in God. They also Scientists are trained by their institu
• He has an extremist view of religion believe that there is a criteria for what is considered Dixon also compared the scientific fundamental beliefs and if they go a
as he is against medicine. religious and non-religious. More traditional belief system to religion and found 3 they may be blacklisted by their com
• He used his charisma to win over religions meet the criteria for ‘religious’ (BACK TO distinct differences. they will have to skew the data they
people. BASICS).Weber- religion is a belief that has a 1. Science is an ‘open belief system’
• Charletan = someone who goes supernatural power Yinger- religion is when ‘people whereas religion is a ‘closed belief
against religion. Kaplan: scientific discoveries aren’t
struggle with the ultimate problem of human life’. system’.
and it is by accident. Data is falsely
This definition can be seen as unclear because the 2. Scientists gather scientific
and cheating is very common in sci
The bare essentials of the functions of ‘supernatural’ isn’t explicitly defined, such as UFOs knowledge by using logic and
cut and paste things in their resear
religion which aren’t seen as religious. Giddens- many observations whereas religion and
and make it more scientific. Also, b
Karl Marx- Religion maintains inequality definitions of religion don’t have focus exclusively on the existence of God can’t be
topics- it makes it hard to prove the
and social stratification of society as it is a r/s between supernatural and humanity, some proved as it can be seen as a
an unjust quo. Religion is an extension of religions don’t reference the supernatural. ‘phenomenon’. This can be
Overlap of science and religion –
a false remedy of the WC suffering. 3. Constructional definition: This is seen as the potentially found through
• Religion still accepts evolution
Durkheim – Religion is all about the interpretivist approach on how society defines their supernatural means.
• Both are dominated by a set o
community where there is social religion. There is also no single definition of religion 3. Religion is much harder to prove
assumptions about a belief)
cohesion, and It helps binds people and people can get close with their religion in scientifically compared to science
• They both see human beings a
together through worship. Religion only different ways. Science doesn’t always have to link to which has evidence to prove it.
universe.
happens when there is a distinction God. Aldridge- Scientology (when you get answers
between the profane (ordinary) and the through scientific proof) is a religion that’s trying to
be banned by governments. Heavily contested Science: objective, value-free, empirical evidence, rational scientific inquiry and
sacred. Through this, such values need to religion.
be maintained to help society be stable. religious view. It is also impossible to produce a
singular definition of religion as different groups Religion: religious, subjective, deep in knowledge, science hasn’t proved God’s
Weber – Religion perpetuates social texts are seen as ‘true’.
change and majority-protestant define it differently. Aldridge- many members of a
religion aren’t actively religious. 21% of those who believe in evolution argue that a superior being is in charge.
countries were the most highly- properties of an object is so complex such that it must be related to another be
developed. creation story.
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