ALevel and AS Level Biology OCRA Biology Module 2 (2.3) Biological Molecules Revision notes and summary.
H020 and H420.
OCR.
Breadth and depth of biology.
Paper 1,2,3
Chapter 3 Definitions
Elements different types of atoms
Carbohydrat organic polymer made of C, H and O as Cx(H2O)y (AKA sugars)
es
Lipids non-polar macromolecules containing C, H an O. Fats = solid at room temp, oil = liquid
A.R.T
Proteins 1+ polypeptides arranged as a complex macromolecule
Nucleic acids polymers made of nucleotides, contains C, H, O, P and N
Polymers long chains of monomers in a repeating pattern
Monomers individual molecules that make up a polymer
Polar when a molecule has areas of δ +/- because of unequal electron sharing
Cohesive molecules are attracted to each other (water moves as one mass)
Adhesive molecules are attracted to materials (water makes things wet)
Solvent a liquid in which multiple solutes can be dissolved
Transport can move molecules around organisms
medium
Capillary when a liquid goes against the force of gravity
action
Monosacchar molecule composed of single sugar unit
ide
Polysacchari molecule composed of multiple monosaccharides
de
Glucose monosaccharide C6H12O6
Hexose monosaccharide composed of 6 carbons
monosacchar
ide
Condensatio reaction between molecules where water is formed
n reaction
Glycosidic covalent bond between 2 monosaccharides
bond
Maltose 2 glucose molecules joined by 1-4 glycosidic bond
Disaccharide molecule made of 2 monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond
Sucrose disaccharide made of a fructose and glucose
Lactose disaccharide made of glucose and galactose
Pentose monosaccharide composed of 5 carbons
monosacchar
ides
Ribose pentose monosaccharide found in RNA
Starch polysaccharide made of alpha glucose to form amylose/amylopectin
Glycogen branched polysaccharide of α molecules (energy store in animals))
Hydrolysis break down of molecules through the addition of water
reaction
Reducing sugars that donate e- à reduction
sugar
Benedict’s alkaline Cu (II) SO4 that tests for non/reducing sugars, brick-red = positive
reagent
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