ANSC 100 Final Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025
What animal species was domesticated first? - ANSWERSthe dog (14,000 BC)
What livestock species was domesticated first? - ANSWERSthe sheep (8,000 BC)
What were characteristics that were common among the animals that were domesticated? - A...
What animal species was domesticated first? - ANSWERSthe dog (14,000 BC)
What livestock species was domesticated first? - ANSWERSthe sheep (8,000 BC)
What were characteristics that were common among the animals that were domesticated? - ANSWERS-
generally lived in comfortable in groups
-had some dominance hierarchy in place
-tolerated humans
-adapted to a variety of enviroments
-reproduced well in capacity
What are some values of domestication? - ANSWERS-increased access to a high quality protein source
-benefit of animal milk and egg production
-most domestic livestock were multipurpose supplying both food and work
-domestic animals served as guardians and in rodent control
-animals were a major source of transportation and power
What is aquaculture? - ANSWERSfarming or rearing of aquatic plants and animals; also known as
"underwater agriculture"
What are the most common aquaculture animals? - ANSWERSfinfish, crustaceans and mollusks
What is the number one aquaculture animal in production and sale? - ANSWERScatfish
What is transcription? - ANSWERSprocess of building RNA complementary to DNA to produce a protein
,What is translation? - ANSWERSprocess of using the information from mRNA to assemble amino acids
into a protein
What is a phenotype? - ANSWERSall of its observable characteristics
What is a genotype? - ANSWERSgenetic makeup of an organism
What is the phenotype influenced by? - ANSWERSthey are influenced both by its genotype and by the
environment
What is a genome? - ANSWERSthe map of all the genes in the animal
What are genes? - ANSWERScoding portions made up of specific deoxyribose nucleotides (DNA)
How many chromosome pairs do humans have? - ANSWERS23 pair
How many chromosome pairs do cattle have? - ANSWERS30 pair
How many chromosome pairs do swine have? - ANSWERS19 pair
How many chromosome pairs do equine have? - ANSWERS32 pair
How many chromosome pairs do chickens have? - ANSWERS39 pair
How many chromosome pairs do corn have? - ANSWERS10 pair
How many chromosome pairs do barely have? - ANSWERS27 pair
,What are homozygous pairs? - ANSWERSanimals with matching alleles at a given locus (AA)
What are heterozygous pairs? - ANSWERSanimals with different alleles at a given locus (Aa)
What is the dominant gene action? - ANSWERSis a member of a gene pair is expressed to the exclusion
of the other
What is the incomplete dominance gene action? - ANSWERSoccurs when no dominance exists and a
heterozygous individual will appear as an intermediate between two alleles
What is epistasis gene action? - ANSWERSis when many gene pairs act in concert with one another to
produce gene expression
What is the recessive gene action? - ANSWERSis the member of a gene pair that is only expressed when
the dominant allele is absent from the animal's genome
Explain mitosis - ANSWERS-normal cell division
-ongoing process
-tissue repair, growth, etc
-same genetic material in each cell of the body
Explain meiosis - ANSWERS-formation of sex gametes
-sex cells (sperm and egg)
-only has 1/2 the genetic compliment
-note differences in cell development
What is selection? - ANSWERSthe process of choosing which animals to be parents
What is a mating system? - ANSWERSthe process of deciding which animals to mate
, What is inbreeding? - ANSWERSmating related animals
What is outcrossing? - ANSWERSmating unrelated animals from the same breed
What is cross breeding? - ANSWERSmating animals from different breeds
What are the advantages of crossbreeding? - ANSWERS-heterosis
-breed differences
-most commonly used in swine, beef cattle and sheep
What are disadvantages of crossbreeding? - ANSWERSmanagement can be difficult in extensive
production systems
Explain heterosis/hybrid vigor - ANSWERS-for most traits, as heterozygosity increases performance
improves
-opposite of inbreeding depression
-primarily associated with crossbreeding
What is hyperplasia? - ANSWERSan increase in the number of cells
What is hypertrophy? - ANSWERSan increase in cell size
What is the order of fat deposit? - ANSWERS1. perinephric (internal, organs)
2. intermuscular (seam fat, between the muscle)
3. subcutaneous (external fat, back fat)
4. intramuscular ( marbling, within the muscle)
What is the animal growth curve? - ANSWERSsigmoidal or S-shaped
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