Summary
Summary Organic chemistry IB Chemistry HL
- Module
- Institution
I used only these notes (+ past papers) to prepare for the exams
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
ayaulymtoleutayeva
Content preview
ORGANIC CHEMISTRYis a study of compound containing C-H bond
The source of carbon is crude oil/ petroleum, using fractional
distillation
Hydrocarbon- a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
Catenation - a property to form chain
Structural formula
& Empirical formula: the simplest whole number ratio of the
elements in compound
& Molecular formula: the total number of atoms of each element in a molecule CyH1o
* Condensed CH3-(CH2)c CHe -
Skeleton M
A
Full n - -
- -
H
↓ i is i
Homologous series is a series of compound that have the same
functional group, differs from the next by a common structural
unit
- similar chemical properties
- a gradation in physical properties
- general molecular formula
Functional group is a group of atoms in molecule, that gives it
its chemical properties- this is the reactive part of a molecule
! No functional group in alkanes
Homologous series Functional group Name
alkene alkenyl
halogenoalkane X-hakalkane
C = C alk-X-ene
alkynes C= C alkynyl alk-X-yhe
alcohol OH hydroxyl alkan -X-o amino
NH2 , NHR , NRe
-
amine -
ether coc ether alkoxy alkane a
amide - carboxamide
i WHz
aldehyde -H 2 alkanal nitrile
carbonyl nitrile CEN
-
ketone
i - alkan-X-one aromatic
⑳ phenyl
carboxylic - ca carboxy/ alancic acid .
O H
acid
-
ester
=O
ester alkyl
-o -
C alkancate
, Benzene ring
Molecular formula CoHg H
I
H H
c-c-
-
It is a moving ring
T
·
-
C -
H
HS
-
Compound without benzene: aliphatic ↓
Compound with benzene: aromatic
Trends in boiling point
London dispersion forces is the weakest intermolecular force 1-5 carbons -> gas
Stronger attraction (+more spherical) -> higher boiling point 6-15 carbons -> liquid
>16 carbons -> solid
Naming organic compound
1. Identify functional group Metoxy group is the functional
2. Give numbers to carbon atoms group consisting of a methyl
- functional group should have the lowest number of C group, bound to oxygen< this
- OH is more important than halogens alkoxy group has the formula
- alphabetical order R-O-CH3
- 2-di; 3-tri
3. Write the name
Primary, secondary and tertiary organic compounds
Alcohols and halogenoalkanes are differentiated depending
on the number of carbon atoms attaches to the carbon with
-OH group
H H
I
CHE
H -c -
c H C-C- CH HgC-C- CH2
, I I
OH OH or
C
G
10 2 3
In amines the focus is on the nitrogen atom
CH3-N-H ScH5 -
N -
H 2H5-N-CH3
I
w CH3
cis
ja za
O
3
, Structural isomers - are two or more compound that have the
same molecular formula but different structural formulas - the
atoms are joined in different ways
I
alkenes and cycloalkenes
HzC-C CH3 Hec
=
H
wi
alcohols and ethers
CHg-CH -OH Hg)-8-CH3
aldehyde and ketones
=
0
My2-CH CHS
-
HzC- CH2-c
"
-
H
carboxylic acid and esters
H - C- 0-CHe-CHE HgC-CHe-COOH
↓
Naming aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters
- Aldehydes are named based upon alkanal
- Ketones are named as alkan-x-one
- Carboxylic acids are named based on alkanoic acid
Acids + alcohols <-> esters + water
H O
CH3-CEO
on
+ no
-
c
↓
-
H = Cz -
C -
o +
H
ethanoic acid methyl ethanoate
ethyl o propanoic acid
CH3-CH2
-
0-C-CH2-CH3
ethyl propanoate
Esters are often used to flavor sweets
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ayaulymtoleutayeva. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £6.85. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
64438 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now