Penn Foster - Biology Lesson 3, Genetics and Inheritance, Exercise & Self-Check Answer Key with Complete Solutions
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Penn Foster - Biology Lesson 3,
Institution
Penn Foster - Biology Lesson 3,
Penn Foster - Biology Lesson 3,
Genetics and Inheritance, Exercise &
Self-Check Answer Key with Complete
Solutions
What is a genotype?
The genetic constitution of an individual, represented by the combination of alleles.
What is a phenotype?
The observable physical or biochemical cha...
Penn Foster - Biology Lesson 3,
Genetics and Inheritance, Exercise &
Self-Check Answer Key with Complete
Solutions
What is a genotype?
✔✔ The genetic constitution of an individual, represented by the combination of alleles.
What is a phenotype?
✔✔ The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism determined by the
genotype and environment.
What is the principle of segregation in genetics?
✔✔ The principle stating that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for each gene
separate so that each gamete carries only one allele.
What does homozygous mean?
✔✔ Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.
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,What does heterozygous mean?
✔✔ Having two different alleles for a particular gene.
What is a dominant allele?
✔✔ An allele that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present.
What is a recessive allele?
✔✔ An allele that expresses its trait only when two copies are present.
What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
✔✔ To predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.
What is Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?
✔✔ The principle stating that genes for different traits are passed independently of one another
from parents to offspring.
What is a carrier in genetic terms?
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,✔✔ An individual who has one recessive allele for a trait and does not exhibit the trait but can
pass the allele to offspring.
What is a genetic mutation?
✔✔ A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to alterations in phenotype.
What is the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance?
✔✔ Incomplete dominance results in a blend of traits, while codominance results in both traits
being fully expressed.
What is a test cross?
✔✔ A cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive
individual to determine the genotype of the former.
What does Mendel's Law of Segregation state?
✔✔ That each individual has two alleles for each gene, which segregate during gamete
formation, and each gamete carries only one allele.
What is a monohybrid cross?
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, ✔✔ A cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits.
What is a dihybrid cross?
✔✔ A cross between individuals that examines the inheritance of two different traits.
What is the role of alleles in inheritance?
✔✔ Alleles are different versions of a gene that contribute to the organism’s genotype and
influence its phenotype.
What is a Punnett square used for?
✔✔ To calculate the probabilities of different genotypes and phenotypes in offspring.
What is a linkage group?
✔✔ A set of genes on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together.
How can mutations be beneficial?
✔✔ They can lead to new traits that may provide an advantage in a changing environment.
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