ASC 410 exam 2 questions & answers 2024/2025
what are the two main reasons for muscle fatigue? - ANSWERSsubstrate depletion and end product accumulation
How does end product accumulation occur? - ANSWERSanaerobic metabolism
muscles build up lactic acid (lactate and H+) -> blood
bicarbo...
what are the two main reasons for muscle fatigue? - ANSWERSsubstrate depletion and end product
accumulation
How does end product accumulation occur? - ANSWERSanaerobic metabolism
muscles build up lactic acid (lactate and H+) -> blood
bicarbonate acts as a buffer -> carbonic acid
CO2 and water enter the lung
blood pH goes down (metabolic acidosis)
no more H+ to leave muscle
build up in muscle -> no more ATP
fewer fibers recruited
what kind of activity is most likely to have the greatest lactic acid build up? - ANSWERSTB racing
What kind of activity is most likely to deplete substrate? - ANSWERSendurance (slow rate for hours)
Where does glucose come from? - ANSWERSglycogen (liver and muscle), gluconeogenesis, BG
What are strategies for endurance horses so that they do not undergo carbohydrate depletion? -
ANSWERSgo as fast as they can without using carbs - fat
feed them during the event to replenish
what are causes of fatigue? - ANSWERSdehydration (dec blood pressure, dec sweating -heat)
heat accumulation
electrolyte imbalances- alter muscle and cardiac function -thumps
, substrate depletion
end product accumulation
what are 3 important tendons in the equine limb? - ANSWERSDDFT, SDFT (2 bones of insertion), DET (3
bones of insertion)
important ligaments of the front limb - ANSWERSsuspensory (interosseous), extensor branches of
suspensory, sesmoidian (inter-cruciate and distal-2)
important ligaments of the hind limb - ANSWERSpatellar ligaments, plantar ligament
tendons and ligaments are mostly made of what? - ANSWERScollagen fibers in parallel
what are tenocytes? - ANSWERSspecialized elongated fibroblasts, scattered in-between the collagen
fibers; make collagen
Desmitis - ANSWERSinflammation of a ligament
tendinitis - ANSWERSinflammation of a tendon
tenosynovitis - ANSWERSinflammation of a tendon sheath
bowed tendon - ANSWERS
dropped fetlock - ANSWERSdamage to suspensory apparatus
curb - ANSWERS
what are reasons for fiber damage? - ANSWERSrepeated load and gradual degradation, trauma,
laceration, acute overload- stretches and tears
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