Path Ch 2 Exam Questions with Definitive Solutions/ .
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Module
Path Ch 2
Institution
Path Ch 2
Path Ch 2 Exam Questions with Definitive Solutions/ . Terms like:
Pathology is devoted to the study of ___________________________ changes in cells, tissues, and organs that underlie disease. - Answer: the structural, biochemical, and functional
By the use of molecular, microbiologic, immuno...
Path Ch 2 Exam Questions with Definitive
Solutions/ 2024-2025.
Pathology is devoted to the study of ___________________________ changes in
cells, tissues, and organs that underlie disease. - Answer: the structural,
biochemical, and functional
By the use of molecular, microbiologic, immunologic, and morphologic
techniques, pathology attempts to explain the whys and wherefores of the
_______________________ - Answer: signs and symptoms manifested by
patients while providing a rational basis for clinical care and therapy.
jury and death. Traditionally the study of pathology is divided into
______________________ - Answer: general pathology and systemic pathology
Page 1 of 116
,General pathology is concerned with the common reactions of cells and tissues to
injurious stimuli. Such reactions are
________________________________________ - Answer: often not tissue
specific: thus acute inflammation in response to bacterial infections produces a
very similar reaction in most tissues.
On the other hand, systemic pathology examines the _____________________ -
Answer: alterations and underlying mechanisms in organ specific diseases such as
ischemic heart disease
The four aspects of a disease process that form the core of pathology are its
________________________________________________ - Answer: cause
(etiology), the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of its development
(pathogenesis), the structural alterations induced in the cells and organs of the
body (morphologic changes), and the functional consequences of these changes
(clinical manifestations).
Although there are myriads of factors that cause disease, they can all be grouped
into two classes: __________________________________ - Answer: genetic
(e.g., inherited mutations and disease-associated gene variants, or
polymorphisms) and acquired (e.g., infectious, nutritional, chemical, physical)
The idea that one etiologic agent is the cause of one disease—developed from the
study of infections and inherited disorders caused by single genes—is not
applicable to ___________________ - Answer: the majority of diseases
Page 2 of 116
,In fact, most of our common afflictions, such as atherosclerosis and cancer, are
multifactorial and arise from the effects of ______________________ - Answer:
various external triggers on a genetically susceptible individual.
____________________ refers to the sequence of cellular, biochemical, and
molecular events that follow the exposure of cells or tissues to an injurious agent.
- Answer: Pathogenesis
The study of ______________ remains one of the main domains of pathology. -
Answer: pathogenesis
Even when the initial cause is known (e.g., infection or mutation), it is
______________________ - Answer: many steps removed from the expression of
the disease.
Indeed, as we shall see throughout the book, the mutated genes underlying a
great number of diseases have been identified, but the functions of the
________________________. - Answer: encoded proteins and how mutations
induce disease—the pathogenesis—are still not fully understood
Morphologic changes refer to the _____________ in cells or tissues that are either
characteristic of a disease or diagnostic of an etiologic process - Answer:
structural alterations
Page 3 of 116
, Traditionally, the practice of diagnostic pathology has used _____________ to
determine the nature of disease and to follow its progression. - Answer:
morphology
Although morphology
remains a diagnostic cornerstone, its limitations have been
evident for many years. For example, morphologically
identical lesions may arise by distinct molecular mechanisms. Nowhere is this
more striking than in the study of
______________________ - Answer: tumors; breast cancers that are
indistinguishable morphologically may have widely different courses, therapeutic
responses, and prognosis
Molecular analysis by techniques such as next generation sequencing (Chapter 5)
has begun to reveal ____________________________________ - Answer:
genetic differences that predict the behavior of the tumors as well as their
responsiveness to different therapies
Increasingly, targeted therapies based on ________________ are being used for
the treatment of cancers. - Answer: molecular alterations
The end results of genetic, biochemical, and structural changes in cells and tissues
are functional abnormalities, which lead to ____________________________ -
Answer: the clinical manifestations (symptoms and signs) of disease, as well as its
progress (clinical course and outcome).
Page 4 of 116
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