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Psychology 101 Final ExamVariables – answer the events, characteristics, behaviors, or conditions that researchers
measure and study.
subject or participant - answer an individual person or animal a researcher studies.
Sample - answer a collection of subjects researchers study. Researchers use samples
because they cannot study the entire population.
Population - answer the collection of people or animals from which researchers draw a
sample. Researchers study the sample and generalize their results to the population.
The Purpose of Research - answer -To find ways to measure and describe behavior
-To understand why, when, and how events occur
-To apply this knowledge to solving real-world problems
The scientific method - answer a standardized way of making observations, gathering
data, forming theories, testing predictions, and interpreting results.
A theory - answer an explanation that organizes separate pieces of information in a
coherent way.
, replicable - answer when others can repeat an experiment and get the same results.
hypothesis - answer a testable prediction of what will happen given a certain set of
conditions.
naturalistic observation - answer researchers collect information about subjects by
observing them unobtrusively, without interfering with them in any way.
case study - answer The researcher collects data about the subject through interviews,
direct observation, psychological testing, or examination of documents and records
about the subject.
survey - answer a way of getting information about a specific type of behavior,
experience, or event. When using this method, researchers give people questionnaires
or interview them to obtain information.
experiment - answer a researcher manipulates or changes a particular variable under
controlled conditions while observing resulting changes in another variable or variables.
Occam's razor - answer maintains that researchers should apply the simplest
explanation possible to any set of observations.
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