what is the precise composition of sporopollenin? - Its precise composition is unknown but it
contains phenolic substances, fatty
acids, and phenylpropanoids
There are four key traits that land plants share only with charophyceans. what are they? - 1.
structure of flagellated sperm, 2. rose sha...
BIOLOGY 106 EXAM 2
what is the precise composition of sporopollenin? - Its precise composition is unknown but it
contains phenolic substances, fatty
acids, and phenylpropanoids
There are four key traits that land plants share only with charophyceans. what are they? - 1.
structure of flagellated sperm, 2. rose shaped complexes for cellulose synthesis, 3. peroxisome enzymes
(photorespiration), 4. formation of a phragmoplast
what is the mesophyll? - The ground tissue of a leaf is
sandwiched between the upper and lower epidermis in the region
what is the purpose for the phloem? - transports organic nutrients from where they are made to
where they are needed
what is ground tissue? - Includes various cells specialized for functions such as storage,
photosynthesis, and support
what are the two groups of angiosperms? - monocots and dicots
difference between angiosperms and germosperms? - more integuments
seed advantages in comparisons to spores? - Multicellular, protection, and nutrition
The bud is the starting point for what? - the leaf
What is the difference between a root and a shoot? - roots don't have nodes but shoots do.
each plant organ has what 3 tissue systems? - dermal, vascular, and ground tissues
,the dermal tissue system consists of what? - the epidermis and periderm
dermal tissues do not have what? - chloroplasts
dermal tissue is usually how many layers of tightly packed cells? - one
how long ago did angiosperms originate? - at least 140 million years ago
what does the vascular tissue system do? - carries out long-distance transport of materials
between roots and shoots
the vascular tissue system consists of what two tissues? - xylem and phloem
what is the purpose for the xylem? - conveys water and dissolved minerals upward from roots into
the shoots
a plant is characterized by what? - cellular differentation
what is cellular differentiation? - the specialization of cells in structure and function
Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma are water conducting cells where? - xylem
Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma are sugar conducting cells where? - phloem
is parenchyma living or dead? - living
,is collenchyma living or dead? - living
is sclerenchyma living or dead? - dead
sexual reproduction often depends on what? - animals
what are some biopolymers? - starch, cellulose
Plant Diversity, how Plants colonized land:
For more than the FIRST 3 BILLION YEARS of earths history the terrestrial surface was what? -
lifeless
Since colonizing land
- Plants have diversified into roughly how many living species? - 290,000
Land plants evolved from what? - green algae
Researchers have identified what as the closest relatives of land plants? - green algae called
charophyceans
Many characteristics of land plants also appear in what? - a variety of algal clades
what are peroxisomes? - Peroxisomes are small (200 - 500 nm in radius) vesicles in the
cytoplasm in which in many detoxification reactions take place
what genetic evidence point to charophyceans as the closest living relatives of land plants? -
Comparisons of both nuclear and chloroplast genes
, what adaptations enable the move to land? - In charophyceans a layer of a durable polymer called
sporopollenin prevents exposed zygotes from drying out
where can you find sporopollenin? - Charophyceans, Spores of Mosses and seedless plants, and
Pollen of seed plants
sporopollenin is what and results from the composition of what? - It is a biopolymer and results
from the composition of different precursors.
what is a biopolymer? - results from the composition of different precursors
what are systematists? - define the plant kingdom. Are currently debating the boundaries of the
plant kingdom
what derived adaptations allow the move to land? - Land plants possess a set of derived
terrestrial adaptations
what 5 key traits appear in nearly all land plants but are absent in the charophyceans? - 1.
Apicalmeristems
2. Alternationofgenerations
3. Walled spores produced in sporangia
4. Multicellular gametangia
5. Multicellular dependent embryos
Alternation of generations has what 2 different generations? - Haploid+multicellular
Diploid+multicelluar
What additional derived units help survival on land? - a cuticle and secondary compounds,
evolved in many plant species
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