what is the formula for resistors in series vs in parallel
in series: add R= R1 +R2..
in parallel: 1/R= 1/R1+ 1/R2...
What is Ohm's law equation?
V=IR
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what...
what is the formula for resistors in series vs in parallel - ANSWER- in series: add
R= R1 +R2..
in parallel: 1/R= 1/R1+ 1/R2...
What is Ohm's law equation? - ANSWER- V=IR
what is the formula for capacitors in series vs in parallel - ANSWER- in series: 1/C
= 1/C1 + 1/C2..
in parallel= C= C1 +C2..
what kind of molecules can pass the cell membrane lipid bilayer most easily?
Which have the hardest time diffusing through? - ANSWER- small hydrophobic
molecules > small uncharged polar molecules > large uncharged polar molecules
> charged molecules (ions)
where does capacitance come from in the cell? - ANSWER- the lipid bilayer:
proteins, ion transporters
does adding more membrane layers increase or decrease capacitance? -
ANSWER- decrease
what components of the membrane are responsible for resistance? - ANSWER-
the ion channels
What is the hydrophobic effect? - ANSWER- The exclusion of non polar
substances from an aqueous solution. Nonpolar molecules aggregate to avoid
contact with hydrophilic molecules, particularly water.
, -polar molecules are more attracted to the dipoles of each other than non polar
and thus exclude the non polar molecules (makes them arrange in a specific
manner)
what is the physical basis for the hydrophobic effect? - ANSWER- the second law
of thermodynamics: ENTROPY of a system wants to increase (occurs when water
molecules interact with each other and exclude the non polar molecules)
order the following molecules with respect to their ability to cross a membrane:
glucose, water, NO, Na+, ETOH, RNA - ANSWER- NO, ETOH, water, glucose, Na+,
RNA
what are the 2 factors that determine whether a molecule can cross a membrane?
which one is more important? - ANSWER- 1) charge (polarity)
2) size
what are the 3 basic membrane transport protein types? which are faster
compared to the other? - ANSWER- 1) ATP powered pumps
2) Ion channels (either open or closed and allow ions to flow down their M
gradients)
3) Transporters
-generally 1 and 2 are faster than 3
what are the 3 types of membrane transporters - ANSWER- 1) uniporter: only 1
molecule in 1 direction
2) symporter: 2 molecules in the same direction
3) antiporter: 2 molecules in opposite directions
for symporters/antiporters, what kind of transport are they/ what supplies the
energy - ANSWER- in both, 1 molecule moves down its M gradient, which
supplies the energy needed to transport the other molecule against its gradient
-both passive and active
think about the graph plotting initial rate of uptake and concentration? which is
fastest/ slowest? - ANSWER- fastest= diffusion
ion channels
transporters
slowest= ion pumps
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