AP Psychology Personality || A+ Guaranteed.
Personality correct answers individual's unique patterns of thought, feelings, and behavior that
persist over time; unique, stable, enduring
psychodynamic theories correct answers theories that behavior results from the psychological
forces that interact within the individual, often outside conscious awareness; linked by Freud
unconscious correct answers prominent in Freudian theory; ideas, thoughts, feelings of which we
are not aware normally; basis of psychoanalysis
psychoanalysis correct answers Freud's theory of personality and form of therapy; based on
bringing the conscious unconscious; uses techniques such as free association, dream
interpretation, and transference
id correct answers Freudian; unconscious urges and desires; selfish needs; operates on pleasure
principle-any means to satisfy need; which fulfillment-mental object/situation to relieve the
feeling
libido correct answers Freudian idea that energy is from sexual instinct; Jungian idea that energy
is everything
fixation correct answers Freudian; partial or complete halt at one of the psychosexual stages of
development; when individual fails to complete the psychosexual task successfully; can be
expressed as personality traits
oral stage correct answers Freud, psychosexual stage of development; age: 0-18 months; focus:
oral cavity; task: transition from bottle/breast to solid food; conflict: id derives pleasure from
sucking/excepting into mouth; if child fails to complete tasks, (s)he becomes fixated; fixations-
underindulged oral-suspicious, sarcastic, pessimistic, trust issues; overindulged oral-clingy,
optimistic, gullible, needy
anal stage correct answers Freud, psychosexual stage of development; age: 18 months-3 years;
focus: anus-retention/expulsion of species; task: to successfully learned toilet training; conflict:
id derives pleasure from retention/expulsion, whereas ego and superego represents society the
practical/societal pressures to control bodily functions; if child fails to complete the task,(s)he
becomes fixated; fixations-anal expulsion-messy, disorganized, reckless, careless, defiant; anal-
retentive-neat, precise, orderly, stingy, obstinate, meticulous, passive-aggressive
phallic stage correct answers Freud, psychosexual stage of development; age: 3-6 years; focus:
genitals; task: Explorer genital region, develop a relationship with parents, especially same
gender parent; conflict: Oedipus/Electra complex-child competes with same-sex parents were
opposite sex parent's attention; fixations-male-Castration Anxiety-because father possesses
mother and therefore has power, dad "castrates" sign (removes power), must prove self,
dominant, marries mother figure; female-penis envy-according to Freud penis equals power,
submissive, dates older men
, archetypes correct answers Jung; thought forms or collective memories passed down from
generation to generation and stored in the collective unconscious; ancient/archaic images derived
from the collective unconscious; examples-mother Earth, father Time, hero, wise old man,
trickster, the Joker
persona correct answers Jung; our public self; the mask we wear to project that part of our
personality outward towards others
Anima correct answers Jung; female archetype as expressed in a man; masculine side of a
woman; originates in the collective unconscious; comes from women's experiences with men
which create the concept of men, appears in dreams, visions, fantasies
Animus correct answers Jung; male archetype as expressed in a woman; feminine side of man;
originates in the collective unconscious; comes from men's experiences with women which
combine into the concept of women; shows as an image of feelings/mood
Extrovert correct answers aspect used in MBTI; Jung; one of two general attitude types; taken at
the interest in the world and events around them, turn attention toward external world; energy is
gained from outside or external sources; everyone contains both, one is dominant (extro-,
introvert)
Anxiety correct answers powerful motivating force; individuals reaction to real/imagine dangers;
Freud says anxiety emerges from sexual conflicts; Horney says that comes because children
depend on adults for survival, one defenses are threatened anxiety occurs
humanistic personality theory correct answers normally associated with Maslow and Rogers; any
personality theory that emphasizes that people are positively motivated and progress towards
higher levels of functioning (more to human existence than dealing with hidden conflicts);
stresses people to potential for growth and change as people experience life
personality traits correct answers dimensions or characteristics that account for personality
differences; examples-dependency, anxiety, sociability; Allport created a list of thousands
factor analysis correct answers Cattell (1965); statistical technique; find that 200 traits tend to
cluster in groups (traits are from Allport's/Odbert's lists)
cognitive-social learning theory correct answers behavior is a product of the interaction of
cognitive (thinking), learning, and past experiences; unique to each person
16 personality factor questionnaire correct answers Cattell; personality boils down to 16 basic
dimensions of personality; questionnaire used in universities and businesses for personnel
selection and research
