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IB HL Biology notes on topic 1.1 Introduction to Cells
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otheBigpicturefirstappear1Howdidlireevolvedfromunicellularsimplemulticellularorg
amulticellular
2cell
biferentiation
incellnumbersizesteno
aorganisms T
b could binsomebodyan
Distances
ii nolongerrelyon with env
Directexchangeofmaterials
Getridofwastefast
evolutionary
enough
process an
of diferentiation
functions
specialize inspecific
cAllowed orgto groupedtoformtissuesbody
ispecializedans
hadspecific within
functions
tissues
vascular
I amtheory findsin
1Discoveryoftheall cornetist
a
Observed cellsin
plant
iHEYcroscore
busedwordcelltonevertothe unitolfire
smallest
cQualityoflight sorest
micro
oranst
intoaboutstructure
rnoclearrules nonanstructures
Diff binans ofallthe
needed
on rules ledtorules one
2Rulesofcelltheory are composedofcells
aLivingorganisms
ioneormore buildingblocksoforganisms
iicellsarethe
bcellsarethebsmallestunitsoflire thefunctionsofalivingorg
icedistheasicunitcapableofcarryingoutall
ccellscomefrompreexisting ans org
living can
icellsdonotsnowspontaneousgeneration arise from
matterthisnonliving
isregularinpnature
rocess
improvementsinmicroscopes the cell
them
3 Bettermicroscopes
a statementsadded
More
Inthissetofrulesvalid natureofscience
inlivingsystems we
trendsrthere
canfind
areeceptions
expeceptionstoanthe
one
aGiant
algae
astriatedmuscleans
aaseptate hyphae
fungal
1.2Questioningthecelltheoryatypicalcells
cells
1Examplesofatypical
musclean
astriated muscletissue
istriated
composedofrepeated units
sarcomere
sarcomere s
ostripeacstriatedpatternwhen analyzedunder a microscope
ii
c hallenges cen theory
winmusclefibermorethani nvousmercen
eachcellismultinuclear
bGiantalgaeacetabularias
isinglecelledgreenalgae
iiGiant
Howdoesitchallengeanthem
andorgsay simplex
asingle structure
iiiLarge complexan
cfungalhyphae III
threads pigs
in
iLong
iimanynuclei step
iiinodividinganwallssepta
shaved cytoplasm
nuclei
multiple
Howdoes all theme
thischallengenuclei
osingle but
unit many
RedBlood Cells
Donothave a nucleuswith
material
genetic No
geneticmaterial
, D 1.1.3Investigating cells and tissues with a microscope
1 Size of a cell
a Extreme
b 10 20 MmIIorometer
Diameter
C Not visible to naked eye
2 Light microscopes
a Highmagnification power
i Discovery All plant Animal tissue madeup of indu cells
3 Electron Microscope
Full internalstructure ofcells
ExamTip
Complete lines
Scale ruler draw
lines precisely
concoct
pointing to
part cells
4 Calculating Magnification
a Observing how many times it can bemagnified
i provide anidea of the size of thespecimen
Magnification or scale bar
Largest sizeofhand
Grainofrice
skincell
Bacteria
Indicatesrelative Nucleus
sizeofvariouscells virus
cellularcomponents
colpane
Formula to calculate magnification Units micrometer
Magnification sizeofdrawingactual size Allunitsfor
sizeof
eachcomponent
drawing
size Bethesame Imm 1.000km
hag
size
MagnificationActual
u a
n
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