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Infection Control Exam/95 Questions with Verified Answers
Infection Control Exam/95 Questions with Verified Answers
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Infection Control Exam/95 Questionswith Verified Answers
Healthcare Personnel - -All paid and unpaid persons who work in a
healthcare facility who,
1) Have professional or technical training and provide patient care, and
2) Provide services that support the delivery of healthcare.
-Nosocomial Infection - -An infection acquired during hospitalization; they
are potentially caused by organisms that are resistant to antibiotics. Ex:
MRSA
-Standard Precautions - -Precautions that apply to the care of all patients in
all healthcare settings, regardless of the suspected or confirmed presence of
an infectious agent, & constitutes the primary strategy for the prevention of
HAIs (Healthcare Associated Infections).
-Chain of Infection - -3 Elements
1) Source of reservoir of infectious agents.
2) Susceptible host with a portal of entry receptive of the agent.
3) Mode of transmission for the agent.
-HBV - -What is consider the major occupation hazard to HCP?
-HBV, HCV, HIV - -The transmission of which of the following pathogens is
prevented or reduced by standard precautions?
-Measles Virus, Mumps Virus, Rubella Virus - -Pathogens transmitted
primarily by droplet inhalation?
-HSV type 1 (Herpes), HSV type 2, VZV (Chickenpox) - -Pathogens
transmitted primarily by direct contact with vesicular fluids/exudates?
-Source Control Measures - --Hand Hygiene
-PPE
-Cough Etiquette
-Have policies in place
-Clean Environment
-Safe disposal of waste
-Medical History Prior to Treatment
-Respiratory Protection Controls - -Employees must wear respirator to cover
nose, mouth, entire face or head to protect themselves from harmful agents.
OHCP providing care to a patient with suspected or confirmed airborne
,infectious disease must use a respirator with a filtration capacity of >/= 95%.
HCP must wear a surgical mask for all close contact with the patient. The
mask should be donned upon entering and removed before exiting the DTR.
-Diseases that are preventable by vaccines in the US - -Measles, Pertussis
(whooping cough), Influenza, Polio, Tetanus, Hepatitis B, Mumps, HPV,
Tuberculosis, Varicella
-Hepatitis B Vaccine - -Injection given in 3 dose series on a 0,1, and 6-Month
Schedule
-Influenza Vaccine - -Given yearly and changes every year because the
virus changes. Usually given in the arm or as a nasal mist.
-MMR Vaccine - -Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. Given to children
around 9-15 months of age, with a second dose at 15 months to 6 years of
age, with at least 4 weeks between doses. This trivalent vaccine is the
vaccine of choice for routine adult vaccination. This vaccine contains live
attenuated virus grown in chick embryo and live attenuated virus grown in
human diploid cell culture. There is no evidence to support a causal
association between this vaccine and autism.
-HPV - -human papilloma virus, sexually transmitted. There is a vaccine that
prevents the HPV strains most likely to cause genital warts and cervical
cancer. The vaccine given is named Gardasil and consists of 3 separate
shots, the second shot is given 2 months after the first; the third shot is
given 4 months after the second shot. 3 IM doses at 0, 2, 6 months. A
bivalent vaccine (Cervarix) is approved for use in girls and young women 9-
15 years of age to prevent diseases.
-Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) - -The most preventable type of hepatitis. It is
spread through the fecal-oral route, and contaminated food. Recommended
for adults with chronic liver disease, illicit drug users, and those at risk of
healthcare-associated exposure. Vaccines Vaqta and Havris consists of 2
doses; vaccination with Twinrix requires 3 doses.
-Documentation of vaccination and immune status of OHCP - -1) An
immunization record should be established for each OHCP at the time of
initial employment.
2) At each subsequent immunization encounter, the record should be
updated.
3) If there is any doubt as to the immune system status of an OHCP, it is best
to assume that the person is not immune.
-PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) - -Medical devices designed to protect
healthcare personnel from acquiring HAIs. In oral healthcare settings, include
, the use of surgical gowns, surgical masks, respirators, goggles, face shields,
& gloves. Mandated by Standard & Transmission-Based Precautions.
-CDC (The Centers for Disease Control & Prevention) - -Federal agency that
makes evidence-based recommendations related to the prevention & control
of disease, injury, & disability. Promotion, prevention, & preparedness with
the goal of improving overall public health in the United States.
-OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration) - -Federal agency
responsible for setting & enforcing regulations to assure safe & health
working conditions for men & women by setting & enforcing standards & by
providing training, outreach, education, & assistance.
-PPE - -Personal Protective Equipment: Surgical gowns, surgical masks,
respirators, goggles, face shields, & gloves.
-Alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) - -(Antiseptic Handrub) refers to a 60-95%
ethanol or isopropyl (types of alcohol) containing preparation designed for
application to the hands to reduce microorganisms.
-This method is recommended by the CDC and WHO if hands are NOT visibly
soiled or visibly contaminated with blood or other proteinaceous.
-Sterilization - -A validated process that destroys all forms of microbial life.
The term is intended to convey an absolute meaning, although the
probability of the presence of pathogenic and other organisms can never be
reduced to zero.
-Disinfection - -Defines a process that is less lethal than sterilization, i.e.,
disinfection destroys some, but not all recognized pathogens and it does not
predictably eliminate bacterial spores
-Disinfectants - -Germicides that are applied to inanimate objects such as
instruments and other devices and environmental surfaces
-Germicide - -refers to both disinfectants and antiseptics
-Antiseptics - -Germicides applied to skin and other living tissue
-Detergents - -are compounds with both hydophilic and lipophilic parts - the
term "soap" is often used to refer to such products.
-High-level disinfectants - -They kill all pathogens but not all bacterial
spores
-Intermediate-level disinfectants - -Kill mycobacteria, vegetative bacteria,
most viruses and fungi, but they will not kill spores
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