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Summary Memory notes
AQA a level psychology memory notes. AO1 and AO3.
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Memory, Coding, capacity and duration of memory
Baddeley | Jacobs | Miller | Peterson and Peterson | Bahrick et al
Coding >
- Baddeley (1999) -
Investigating coding of STM & LTM
-
Acoustically
Similar words (cat
,
cab, can) or dissimilar (pit , Jew , cow)
-
Semantically similar (great large big)
, ,
or dissimilar (good huge, ,
not
-
FINDINGS :
Immediate recall worse with acoustically similar words : STM is coded acoustically
-
FINDINGS : Recall after zom worse with Semantically similar words : LTM is coded semantically
-
the identified 2 Stores
memory (STM/LiM) -
ve artificial task :· low external validity
Capacity of STM-Jacobs -
Researcher reads &
digits t inc . until ppt · cannot recall the order
correctly
(1887) 93
FINDINGS : On aug . , digit span was numbers + 7 3 letters
-
. .
the has been replicated even though study was old
a lacked adequate control variables
capacity or sim e
-
Observed everyday , noted
practise things come in sevens e.g days of the week
Miller (1956) FINDINGS :
Capacity
Or STM is 712 or & chunks
-
-ve
may overestimate capacity ,
Cowan (2001) concluded Cacity was + chunks (lower end or Millers lindings)
Duration
Or STM
+ Peterson -
24 students given a constanant syllable leg You) to recall + then told to count back in 3's from a
↓ peterson number for either 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 15
,
or 18 sees (retention intervals)
EDINGS 18 secs 3 % STM
:
-
after 3 sees ,
80 % recall
,
after ,
recall :: duration of is up to is seconds
ve meaningless Stimuli + does not reflect everyday tasm : low external validity
-
Duration of LTM - Bahrick-392 americans aged 17-74
, yearbook photos
:
et al
. ·
Recognition telt : 50 photol wom high school yearbook
, asked to name ppl.
·
Tree recoll test :
ppts. listed names from their
graduating class
-
JINDINGS
-
:
Recignition test (90 % 15yrs , 70 % Asyrs) ,
free recall (60% Burs , 30% +8yrs)(
the high external validity ,
reflects everyday life
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