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ENDOCRINOLOGY CONDITIONS - KCL MBBS STAGE 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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ENDOCRINOLOGY CONDITIONS - KCL MBBS STAGE 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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ENDOCRINOLOGY CONDITIONS - KCLMBBS STAGE 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
DescribeJtheJHypothalamus-Pituitary-ThyroidJ(HPT)JAxisJ-JANSWERJHypothalamusJ->JTRHJ-
>JportalJveinsJ(soJnotJinJgeneralJcirculation)J->JAnteriorJpituitaryJ->JTSHJ->JbloodstreamJ->JThyroidJ-
>JT4,JT3J(T4JproducedJmore,JbutJperipherallyJconvertedJtoJT3)J-
>JT4,JT3JnegativeJfeedbackJloopJwithJhypothalamusJandJanteriorJpituitary
WhatJdoJweJmeasureJinJaJTFTJ(thyroidJfunctionJtest)?J-JANSWERJFreeJT3,JFreeJT4,JcirculatingJTSH
(ThisJisJaJbloodJtest)
MostJT3/T4JinJplasmaJisJboundJtoJ___J-JANSWERJthyroxine-bindingJglobulin
PCJofJhypothyroidismJ-JANSWERJWeightJgain
Lethargy
ColdJintolerance
Dry,JthickJskin
BrittleJhairJandJloss
LossJofJlateralJthirdJofJtheJeyebrow
Bradycardia
Menorrhagia
WhatJisJprimaryJhypothyroidism?J-
JANSWERJReducedJsecretionJofJthyroidJhormoneJfromJtheJthyroidJglandJitselfJ(COMMON)
TFTJresultsJinJprimaryJhypothyroidismJ-JANSWERJReducedJT3JandJT4
RaisedJTSH
, WhatJisJsecondaryJhypothyroidism?J-
JANSWERJReductionJinJhormonesJwhichJstimulateJtheJthyroidJglandJtoJproduceJthyroidJhormoneJ(RARE).JCa
useJcanJeitherJbeJpituitaryJorJhypothalamic.
TFTJresultsJinJsecondaryJhypothyroidismJ-JANSWERJReducedJT3JandJT4
ReducedJTSHJ(couldJsometimesJbeJnormal)
WhatJisJsubclinicalJhypothyroidism?J-JANSWERJAnJearly,JmildJformJofJhypothyroidism
TFTJresultsJinJsubclinicalJhypothyroidism.J-JANSWERJIncreasedJTSHJ+JnormalJT3J&JT4
WhatJareJtheJcausesJofJhypothyroidism?J-JANSWERJ1.JPrimaryJatrophicJhypothyroidismJ-
JatrophyJofJgland,JnoJgoiter
2.JHashimoto'sJthyroiditis
3.JIodineJdeficiency
4.JPost-thyroidectomyJorJradioiodineJtreatment
5.JDrugJinducedJ(anti-thyroidJdrugs,Jamiodarone,Jlithium,Jiodine)
6.JSubacuteJthyroiditisJ(temporaryJhypothyroidismJafterJaJhyperthyroidJphase)
WhatJisJHashimoto'sJthyroiditis?J-
JANSWERJAutoimmuneJdisease,JcausingJdisruptionJofJtheJfunctionJofJtheJthyroidJglandJ->Jhypothyroidism
TheJmostJcommonJcauseJofJhypothyroidismJinJiodineJsufficientJareasJ
GoitreJdueJtoJlymphocyticJandJplasmaJcellJinfiltration
AutoantibodyJtitresJareJveryJhigh.
WhatJisJmyxedema?J-
JANSWERJSevereJhypothyroidism.JMayJpresentJwithJpuffyJface,Jhands,JandJfeet.JThereJisJthickeningJofJtheJsk
in,JthinningJofJtheJouterJone-
thirdJofJtheJeyebrowsJandJcognitiveJsymptomsJsuchJasJslowedJthinking,JpoorJshort-
termJmemoryJandJdepression/dementia
ThyroidJglandJgrowsJinJsizeJ(highJTSH)J->JgoiterJ(dueJtoJhyperplasiaJandJhypertrophy)
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