BIO 201 Tissues Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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Module
BIO 201
Institution
BIO 201
Tissue groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function
Four primary tissue types epithelial -- covering Connective -- support Muscle -- movement Nervous -- control
Histology study of tissues
Epithelial tissue or epithelium sheet of cells that covers a body ...
Special characteristics of epithelium ✅1. Polarity -- apical free surface and basal
surface; apical-basal polarity
2. Specialized contacts -- except for glandular epithelia, the cells fit closely together to
form continuous sheets; tight junctions and desmosomes
3. Supported by connective tissue; just deep to the basal lamina is the reticular lamina
(network of collagen protein fibers belonging to underlying connective tissue; the basal
lamina and reticular lamina form the basement membrane
4. Avascular but innervated
5. Regeneration -- high capacity to regenerate
Basal lamina ✅part of the basement membrane
Noncellular adhesive sheet consists largely of glycoproteins
Microvilli ✅fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane
Increase exposed surface area in epithelia that absorb and secrete
Classification of epithelia ✅number of cell layers -- simple or stratified
Three common shapes -- squamous, cuboidal, and columnar
, In cross section, all epithelial cells have six somewhat irregular sides
Simple squamous epithelium ✅flattened laterally, cytoplasm is sparse, close fitting,
resembles tiled floor
Found where rapid filtration or exchange of substances is needed
Kidneys -- forms part of filtration membrane
Lungs -- forms walls of air sacs where gas exchange occurs
Endothelium ✅simple squamous epithelia which provides slick, friction reducing lining
in lymphatic vessels and in hollow organs of cardiovascular system -- blood vessels and
the heart
Mesothelium ✅simple squamous epithelia found in serous membranes lining ventral
body cavity and covering organs
Simple cuboidal epithelium ✅single layer of cells as tall as wide
Spherical nuclei stain darkly
Functions -- secretion and absorption
Forms walls of smallest ducts of glands and of many kidney tubules
Simple columnar epithelium ✅single layer of tall, closely packed cells, aligned in row
Lines digestive tract from stomach through rectum
Mostly associated with absorption and secretion
1) dense microvilli on apical surface of absorptive cells
2) goblet cells -- secret protective lubricating mucus
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium ✅vary in height; all cells rest on basement
membrane; only tallest reach free surface of epithelium
Cell nuclei at different levels so looks like more than one layer
Secretes and absorbs substances
Ciliated version containing goblet cells lines most of respiratory tract
Stratified epithelia ✅two or more cell layers
Regenerate from below; basal cells divide and push apically to replace older surface
cells
Stratified squamous epithelium ✅most widespread of the stratified epithelia
Composed of several layers; thick; protective functions
Free surface is squamous and deep layers are cuboidal or columnar
Forms the external part of the skin and extends short distance into every body opening
Epidermis -- outer layer of skin -- keratinized
Stratified cuboidal epithelium ✅rare in the body
Mostly found in ducts of some larger glands (sweat, mammary)
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