Respiratory Nursing 232 - Exam
Treatment of Emphysema - ✔️✔️(1) stop smoking
(2) pulmonary rehab program
(3) oxygen, 1-2L/min through nasal prongs
(4) bronchodilators
(5) anticholinergics
Clinical Manifestations of Chronic Bronchitis - ✔️✔️Copious amounts of sputum
Hypoxemia
Hypercapnia-increase amount CO2respiratory acidosis
Productive cough
Decreased exercise tolerance
Wheezing
SOB
Prolonged expiration
parietal pleura - ✔️✔️outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall
visceral pleura - ✔️✔️covers the lungs
pleural fluid - ✔️✔️liquid that surrounds the lungs
diffusion - ✔️✔️Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
what area of the brain controls respiration - ✔️✔️medulla
gas signal for primary level of respiration - ✔️✔️CO2 or O2
what does the diaphragm do? - ✔️✔️contracts inhale relaxes exhale
gas exchange affects Condition of alveoli- why? - ✔️✔️Interstitial edema: O2 unable to
come in Ex: bronchitis, pneumonia
gas lungs are surround by what - ✔️✔️pleura
exchange affects Surfactant- why? - ✔️✔️? Lipid substance that lines alveoli and when
it collapses prevents it from sticking together
Two types of respiratory disorders: - ✔️✔️Restrictive-COPD
Obstructive- cancer
, Factors increasing risk of respiratory infection - ✔️✔️Smoking, obesity, age( very
young, very old), environmental, allergies, immunocompromised
***Arterial Blood Gases (ABG's) - ✔️✔️PCO2 - partial pressure of CO2
PO2 partial pressure of O2
O2 saturation, percentage of Hgb carrying oxygen
pH: acidity or alkalinity of blood
Bronchoscopy - ✔️✔️visual examination of the Visualize inside of trachea and bronchi
Remove foreign bodies
Biopsy
Specimen collection
Prep:
NPO after midnight
Consent
Topical anesthesia (xylocaine)
Bronchoscopy post operative - ✔️✔️Post Op
NPO until gag reflex returns
Keep head turned to side
Watch for edema, bleeding - report hematoemesis immediately
Temporary hoarseness to be expected
Thoracentesis - ✔️✔️Removal of pleural fluid to enhance lung function or obtain fluid
for diagnostic purposes
Usually light colored straw
Sputum sample - ✔️✔️Fresh specimen - early AM
From lower respiratory - not saliva or sinus drainage
Observe color, quantity, quality, blood, other contents
Can diagnose TB, allergens, cancer
laryngectomy - ✔️✔️Partial or total removal of larynx
Larynx connects the pharynx (upper airway) to trachea (lower airway)
Partial Laryngectomy - ✔️✔️Surgical removal of a portion of the larynx.
Total Laryngectomy - ✔️✔️When removed a permanent opening is made by suturing
the trachea to the neck.
The esophagus remains attached to the pharynx
No risk of aspiration as the esophagus and trachea are permanently separated by
surgery (tracheostomy)
Radical Neck Dissection - ✔️✔️Usually on the same side as lesion
Even if lymph nodes negative as metastasis to cervical node is common
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