AP Biology Final Exam Review Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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Module
AP Biology
Institution
AP Biology
AP Biology Final Exam Review Study
Guide with Complete Solutions
emergent properties - Answer️️ -new properties that emerge with each step upward in
the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity
increases
negative feedback - Answer️️ -a mechani...
phosphorylation - Answer✔️✔️-the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a
molecule. Nearly all cellular work depends on ATP energizing other molecules by
phosphorylation
chemiosmosis - Answer✔️✔️-a process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an
electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.
fermentation - Answer✔️✔️-the process by which cells break down molecules to release
energy without using oxygen
gametes - Answer✔️✔️-reproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes as
body cells
meiosis - Answer✔️✔️-a process in cell division during which the number of
chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus,
which results in the production of sex cells
somatic cell - Answer✔️✔️-cell that makes up all of the body tissues and organs, except
gametes
crossing over - Answer✔️✔️-the interchange of sections between pairing homologous
chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis
transcription - Answer✔️✔️-process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is
copied into a complementary sequence in mRNA
codons - Answer✔️✔️-a three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a
particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
RNA splicing - Answer✔️✔️-process by which the introns are removed from RNA
transcripts and the remaining exons are joined together
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