CCJ 4700 FSU Wenger - exam 1 Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct.
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Module
CCJ 4700 FSU Wenger
Institution
CCJ 4700 FSU Wenger
What are the *downsides* and potential pitfalls of *personal experience*? - 1. Overgeneralization
2. Selective Observation
3. Premature Closure
4. Halo Effect
What is authority? What are the pros and cons to this way of "Knowing"? - -Gaining knowledge
from those with expertise
Pros
1. quick,...
CCJ 4700 FSU Wenger - exam 1
What are the *downsides* and potential pitfalls of *personal experience*? - 1. Overgeneralization
2. Selective Observation
3. Premature Closure
4. Halo Effect
What is authority? What are the pros and cons to this way of "Knowing"? - -Gaining knowledge
from those with expertise
Pros
1. quick, easy
2. experts spend much time on learning something in particular
Cons
1. overstated expertise
2. ulterior motive
3. misplaced authority
What is methodology? - -the science of finding out
1. systematic procedures
2. technique
3. model inquiry
What is empirical knowledge? - -Knowledge based on what we experience and observe
What are the *4 ways of "knowing"*? Which is the most influential? - 1. Authority
2. Tradition
3. Personal experience
4.*Scientific approach* most influential (empirical research)
,What is tradition? What are the cons to his way of "knowing"? - -authority in the past "everybody
knows" "its always been this way"
Cons
1. history can change
2. often not true in first place
3. can result in the spread of misinformation
Define and give example of downsides of personal experience:
1. Overgeneralization - observing few events and taking them as evidence of a general pattern
example: knowing a few pit bulls to be vicious
and assuming that all pit bulls are vicious
Define and give example of downside of personal experience:
2. Selective observation - noticing events that confirm what we already believe and ignoring or
discrediting events that are not supportive
example: noticing professor that are rude and
ignoring the professors that are helpful
Define and give example of downside of personal experience
3. Premature Closure - not considering alternative once you make up your mind
example: i know a couple of people who
smoked two packs a day and lived to be 80, so
smoking isn't harmful
,Define and give example of downside of personal experience
4. Halo Effect - giving a noun a person we respect an overly high amount of prestige and authority
example: assuming a paper created by a
Harvard student is higher quality compared to
a paper written by a student from University of
Phoenix
What is replication? - -doing that same study again to make sure make sure that the finding
remains the same
What is *social science*? Who or what do we investigate in a social science (as opposed to natural
science)? - -the use of scientific methods to investigate individuals, societies, and social processes
- including questions related to criminology
and criminal justice; the knowledge is
produced by these investigations.
*Why* do we conduct social research? (A-E) - A) Answer practical questions
-Will reducing class size help students to learn
better?
B) Make informed decisions
-Will increasing the number of police on foot
patrols reduce crime?
C) Make money
-Which location will result in the least shoplifting
and vandalism for a new store?
, D) Change society
-How do we reduce domestic violence?
E) Build basic knowledge
-Why are males more likely to engage in crime
than females?
What are the 4 categories of *research purpose*? What is the purpose of each and what does each
entail? - 1. Explorations
2. Descriptions
3. *Explanation*
*The most common research purpose used. Builds on previous two research purposes*
4. Evaluation
what is the purpose of each and what does each entail? (4 Categories of research purpose)
1. Explorations - formulate more precise questions for future research
-Investigate without expectations. Qualitative or quantitative research.
-Example: AIDS research
what is the purpose of each and what does each entail? (4 Categories of research purpose)
2. Description - describe a process, mechanism, or relationship
-Documents the status of something
-Example: What is the current Violent crime rate?
what is the purpose of each and what does each entail? (4 Categories of research purpose)
3. Explanations - to find out why something is
-Test theories and hypotheses.
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