CCJ 4700 Exam 2 Stewart Updated 2024/2025 Verified 100%
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Module
CCJ 4700
Institution
CCJ 4700
Quota - Researchers try to make sure that the sample has the desired proportion of age, sex, etc.
(The researchers use judgement rather than probability when selecting samples)
What are the types of non-probability sampling? - -Purposive
-Quota
-Convenience
-Snowball
Threats to internal valid...
CCJ 4700 Exam 2 Stewart
Quota - Researchers try to make sure that the sample has the desired proportion of age, sex, etc.
(The researchers use judgement rather than probability when selecting samples)
What are the types of non-probability sampling? - -Purposive
-Quota
-Convenience
-Snowball
Threats to internal validity: - -History(past events may confound results)
-Testing(Retesting influences peoples behavior)
-Selection Bias(volunteers may choose to participate in certain study)
What are the 3 components of a classical experiment? - 1)Pre & Post-Testing
2)Experimental & Control groups
3)Random Assignment
____________ Assignment Is a central feature of the classical experiment - Random Assignment
Random assignment... - Reduces sources of bias & Creates equivalent groups
Criteria for causality: - 1)Cause must come before effect
2)We have to show cause(x) came before effect(y)
3)We have to rule out rival explanations
Why do we use sampling? - Bc... Its often not possible to collect info from all persons we wish to
study & Its often not necessary
, Two things to do when selecting samples: - Select samples to represent a larger pop. of
people/things & generalize from a sample to an unobserved population the sample is intended to
represent
When is a sample "representative" of the population? - When the aggregate characteristics of the
sample closely approx. those same characteristics in the population
2 adv. of population samples: - -Typically more representative than other types of samples
because they avoid biases
-Permits us to estimate the accuracy of the sample
Why is standard error important? - Bc it indicates how closely the sample estimates will be
distributed around the population parameter
As sample size increase ---> Standard error _______ - Decreases
If sample size is quadrupled then standard error is: - Reduced by 1/2
What is the sampling Frame? - List of the population that one is interested in studying
What are the types of probability samples? - -SRS
-Systematic
-Stratified
-Cluster
SRS - Number is assigned to each member in the frame and then a random number generator
selects elements
Systematic - You randomly select every nth number on a list
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