Respiratory proteins ...(E1)
a. increase the carbon dioxide carrying capacity of water up to 50-fold.
b. have a fixed affinity for oxygen
c. depend on carbonic anhydrase to transport oxygen
d. must contain iron.
e. are not accurately described by any of the above statements - (e) are not accur...
a. increase the carbon dioxide carrying capacity of water up to 50-fold.
b. have a fixed affinity for oxygen
c. depend on carbonic anhydrase to transport oxygen
d. must contain iron.
e. are not accurately described by any of the above statements - (e) are not accurately described
by any of the above statements
What is an advantage of a closed circulatory system? (E1)
a. Blood can flow in any direction within a blood vessel.
b. It requires less blood volume than an open circulatory system.
c. It is usually a low...pressure (15 to 50 mm Hg) system.
d. It is anatomically more complex.
e. It is not dependent on a heart to generate pressure. - b. It requires less blood volume than an
open circulatory system.
Why was the evolution of vascular valves so important? (E1)
a. Vascular valves increase the efficiency of blood flow by limiting the direction in which it can move.
b. Vascular valves are the precursors of a chambered heart.
c. Vascular valves are only found in animals with peristaltic pumps.
d. Vascular valves prevent high blood pressures from damaging pump walls
e. All of the above are reasons why the evolution of vascular valves is so important. - (a) Vascular
valves increase the efficiency of blood flow by limiting the direction in which it can move.
,Support for the evolution of terrestrial animals from aquatic animals is provided by...(E1)
a. some aquatic animals ability to use the swim bladder and digestive tract to absorb oxygen from gulped
air.
b. present day examples of transient aquatic hypoxia in warm, shallow waters
c. African lungfish.
d. Dolphins.
e. all of the above answers - e. all of the above answers
Heart rate is ________ increasing body size. (E1)
a. positively correlated with
b. independent of
c. inversely correlated with
d. exponentially correlated with
e. related by the square root - c. inversely correlated with
In animals, circulatory systems ...(E1)
a. overcome the limitation of diffusion in providing oxygen to tissues far away from respiratory
membranes
b. provide a mechanism for transport of solutes
c. accelerate the loss of carbon dioxide from the body.
d. can vary the distribution of blood to tissues with the greatest need for oxygen
e. can do all of the above. - e. can do all of the above.
Which statement is true?
a. Heme is commonly found within seawater
b. Heme-based proteins played a key role in the metabolism of carbon dioxide into forms less toxic to
cells.
c. Heme-based proteins likely developed as a means by which Fe was transported safely.
d. Oxygen binding to heme is insensitive to the presence of acid in mammals.
, e. Early anaerobic life used heme-based proteins to minimize oxygen toxicity. - (e) Early anaerobic
life used heme-based proteins to minimize oxygen toxicity.
An advantage of a four chamber heart is ...(E1)
a. that an animal can have less blood volume (on a % basis) than an animal with a two...chambered heart
b. an animal can also use peristalsis to move blood around the body.
c. the ability to have two blood circuits within the body.
d. the ability to pump different volumes of blood from the two ventricles. - c. the ability to have
two blood circuits within the body.
An open circulation system ...(E1)
a. can use peristalsis or a simple heart.
b. is inversely related to body size.
c. is a high-pressure (>150 mm Hg) system.
d. requires less blood volume that a closed circulatory system.
e. only occurs in extremely small (<1 cm) animals. - a. can use peristalsis or a simple heart.
Why is Hb the most common respiratory protein? (E1)
a. Hb demonstrates facilitated diffusion in the presence of carbon dioxide.
b. Hb is capable of converting carbon dioxide to carbonic acid
c. Hb is small enough to fit inside cells
d. Heme (or a porphyrin ring) is found in enzymes engaged in basic metabolism
e. Hb can bind both oxygen and carbon dioxide on heme. - d. Heme (or a porphyrin ring) is found
in enzymes engaged in basic metabolism
Vertebrates constantly exposed to hypoxic conditions would have a Hb-O2 binding curve (BLANK)
compared to a vertebrate not exposed to hypoxic conditions. (E1)
a. shifted to the right
b. not shifted at all
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