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Summary Ultimate AP Chemistry Review questions and answers 2024
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Ultimate AP Chemistry Review questionsand answers 2024
Arrhenius acid - a substance that when added to water increases the # of H+ ions
in the water
Arrhenius base - a substance that when added to water increases the # of OH+
ions in the water
Bronsted-Lowry acid - material that gives up hydrogen ions during a chemical
reaction
Bronsted-Lowry base - a material that accepts hydrogen ions during a chemical
reaction
Lewis acid - a substance that is an electron pair acceptor
Ex: H⁺ is a __ b/c it can accept a pair of electrons. It combines with available
electron pair to from the Lewis base OH⁻ to form H₂O.
Lewis base - a substance that is an electron pait donator
Ex: OH⁻ is a ++ b/c it has a pair of free electrons to donate to a reaction. It can
donate the electron pair to the Lewis acid H⁺ to form H₂O.
,Ultimate AP Chemistry Review questions
and answers 2024
pH - is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration; a measure of the acidity or
alkalinty of a solution
pOH - is a measure of hydroxide ion (OH) concentration. It is the measure of the
alkalinity of a solution.
neutral - A pH level of 7.0 @ 25⁰C is defined as __ b/c the conc of H₃O⁺ equals the
concentration of OH⁻ in pure water.
pOH - is a measure of hydroxide ion (OH) concentration. It is the measure of the
alkalinity of a solution.
<, >, = - Aqueous solutions @ 25⁰C with pOH _ 7 are alkaline, pOH _ 7 are acidic
and pOH _ are neutral. (use symbols)
Ka - Acid dissociation constant
Kb - the base dissociation constant
,Ultimate AP Chemistry Review questions
and answers 2024
ionization constant - equilibrium constant for the ionization of a weak electrolyte
ionization - in aqueous solution, the process in which a molecular compound
reacts with water and forms ions
percent ionization - the percentage of the weak electrolyte that ionizes in a
solution of given concentration
Ksp - solubility product constant, the equilibrium constant for a chemical reaction
in which a solid ionic compound dissolves to yeild its ions in solution.
conjugate base - everything that remains of the acid molecule after a proton is
lost
conjugate acid - formed when the proton is transferred to the base
acid - a chemical species that donates protons or hydrogen ions and/or accepts
electrons
, Ultimate AP Chemistry Review questions
and answers 2024
base - a chemical species that donates electrons or hydroxide ions or that accepts
protons
strong acid - its equilibrium position lies far to the right, yields a weak conjugate
base, pH=pKa
weak acid - its equilibrium lies far on the left, yields a much stronger(it is relatively
strong) conjugate base than water
base - If you throw acetate into water, it acts like a __ because it will absorb a
hydrogen ions.
amphoteric - Water is __ because it can act as either an acid or a base (auto
ionization or auto dissociation of water)
strong - __= complete dissociation (hydrogen ion supplied to solution)
weak bases - __= like ammonium, or things w/ a lone pair it can contribute to
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