NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 Study Guide Questions 100% Well Answered Solutions.
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Module
NURS 8024
Institution
NURS 8024
Gastric acid secretion by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa are stimulated by - Answer *acetycholine, histamine, gastrin
Receptor-mediated binding of acetylcholine, histamine, or gastrin results in - Answer *the activation of protein kinases, which in
turn stimulates the H+/K+-adenosin...
NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 Study Guide
Questions 100% Well Answered
Solutions.
Gastric acid secretion by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa are stimulated by - Answer *acetycholine,
histamine, gastrin
Receptor-mediated binding of acetylcholine, histamine, or gastrin results in - Answer *the activation of
protein kinases, which in
turn stimulates the H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) proton pump
Gastrin and acetylcholine stimulate release of - Answer histamine
receptor binding of prostaglandin E2 and
somatostatin diminish - Answer gastric acid production
Antacids - Answer weak bases that react with gastric acid to
form water and a salt → diminishing gastric acidity
Reduce pepsin activity - pepsin inactive at a pH >4
Wide variety* in chemical composition, acid-neutralizing capacity, sodium content, palatability, and price
Acid neutralizing ability* of an antacid depends on its capacity to neutralize gastric HCl and on whether
the stomach is full or empty
• food delays stomach emptying, allowing more time for the antacid to react
,Therapeutic uses of antacids - Answer • Symptomatic relief of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and
gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
• May promote healing of duodenal ulcers, but not
robust evidence for efficacy in Tx of acute gastric
ulcers
• Calcium carbonate preparations
• also used as calcium supplements for the treatment of osteoporosis
Sucralfate - Answer complex of aluminum hydroxide and sulfated sucrose
• Small, poorly soluble molecule
• Polymerizes in stomach acid → binds to injured tissue, forms physical barrier coating over ulcer bed-
impairs diffusion of HCl and prevents degradation of mucus by pepsin and acid
• Accelerates healing of peptic ulcers and ↓ recurrence rate
• Stimulates prostaglandin release, mucus and bicarbonate output
• *BIG drawback.... Must be taken qid• used in long-term maintenance therapy to prevent recurrence
• Requires an acidic pH for activation -should not be administered with H2 antagonists or antacids
• Little of the drug is absorbed systemically, very well tolerated
• Can interfere w/ absorption of other drugs by binding to them
• Does not prevent NSAID-induced ulcers
Bismuth Compounds - Answer • Coats ulcers → protective layer against acid and pepsin
• May stimulate prostaglandin, mucus, and bicarbonate secretion
• Antimicrobial effect- binds enterotoxins
• reduces stool frequency & liquidity in acute infectious diarrhea
• Causes black stools- harmless
• Avoid in renal insufficiency
In geriatric patients avoid use of - Answer - antacids that contain magnesium in patients with renal
failure
- sodium-containing antacids because of fluid
retention
Antacids in Pediatrics - Answer Safety not established in children
, Antacids during pregnancy and lactation - Answer No FDA category established, although antacids
generally are considered safe for use in pregnancy
• Drugs such as ketoconazole, which depend on an acidic medium for gastric absorption, may not be
efficiently absorbed if taken w/ H2 blocker
• Not used for NSAID-induced ulcers
• Better healing and prevention with PPIs
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