What is the pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease? - Answer Progressive neurological disorder of muscle movement, characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia and postural and gait abnormalities
--> Degree of dopamine loss correlates w/ severity of motor symptoms
Etiology: des...
Pharmacology Comprehensive
Exam Questions Solved Correctly.
What is the pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease? - Answer Progressive neurological disorder of
muscle movement, characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia and postural and gait
abnormalities
--> Degree of dopamine loss correlates w/ severity of motor symptoms
Etiology: destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
• results in reduction of dopamine action in brain basal ganglia → affects motor control
• Unknown cause: Theory- partially environmental w/ a genetic component → predisposition to disease
What are the symptoms of Parkinson's and the pharmacological goals to treat it? - Answer r/t
imbalance between excitatory cholinergic neurons and greatly diminished numbers of inhibitory
dopaminergic neurons
Pharm goals:
• to restore dopamine in the basal ganglia and antagonizing the excitatory effect of acetylcholine at the
muscarinic receptors
• → reinstates dopamine/acetylcholine balance
• Drugs provide temporary relief from symptoms
• Does not arrest or reverse the neuronal degeneration caused by the disease
What are the cautions/warnings and use for Cogentin? - Answer It is an anticholinergic drug used for
Parkinson's
Cautions/Warning:
-in elderly, BPH, urinary retention, liver, renal or GI or GU disease
-Can precipitate narrow-angle glaucoma
,What is the drug Pramipexole (Mirapex)? - Answer A Dopamine Receptor Agonist
effective mild parkinsonism, used in combination w/ levadopa
Memantine (Namenda) indicated for moderate to severe AD
• Current evidence does not support use in earlier stages
Describe the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs. - Answer Indication
• Management of mild - moderate Alzheimer's dementia
• Often initiated by PCPs or after consultation
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