OSU ANTHRO 1100 FINAL || Already Passed.
Archaeology correct answers understanding how people did things and why they did things (how
these people moved and used the landscape)
Social Complexity correct answers understanding one way isn't the best way, each group has its
own methods and does not mean one way is simpler than another, just bc it is different does not
mean it is lesser
Foragers correct answers uses natural resources for sustenance, band level societies, will surpass
carrying capacity of original environment so stay mobile to follow food, division of labor (age,
gender), egalitarian
Power correct answers tell you what to do or what not to do and be able to back it up with
negative consequences, "exert influence through negative sanctions"
Authority correct answers exert influence through prestige and status
Adaptive Strategies correct answers society's main system of economic productions, means of
obtaining and using resources, 5 adaptive strategies are: foraging (hunting and gathering),
horticulture, agriculture, pastoralism, and industrialism
Subsistence Strategies correct answers means of obtaining and using resources, including: food
collectors and food producers
Food Collectors correct answers foragers (hunting and gathering)
Food Producers correct answers horticulture, agriculture, pastoralism, industrialism
Horticulture correct answers create enough food to feed your group, use simple tools and rely on
human labor, once ground is exhausted the group moves
Agriculture correct answers requires more intensive labor and requires more land, relies on
domesticated plants and animals, these settlements are sedentary and densely populated unlike
horticulture
Pastoralism correct answers food production based on animal herds, grasslands mountains and
desserts where areas are not amendable to agriculture or horticulture, goal is to grow herd size
and keep animals alive
Pastoral Nomadism correct answers (pastoralism) all members follow herd around year round
Transhumance correct answers (pastoralism) part of group moves w herd, rest stay in home
village
Industrialism correct answers
, Social & Political Organization correct answers types of subsistence strategies are highly
correlated with their kind of political organization (bands, tribes, chiefdoms, states), how people
are organized, who is in charge, central power or not
Band correct answers headman, brief and informal leadership w limited authority and not power,
degree of competition for leadership—no compromises so easy solution is splitting group up,
common place problems leads to consensus which involves give and take discussions
Tribe correct answers larger than bands, not functional system of designating one family above
another—somewhat egalitarian, unite for common defense
Chiefdom correct answers generally practice agriculture and there is an official hierarchy, split
into political units: A chief who inherits its position and governs from a central political agency
and foremost power in community, profound inequality bc chief has power over everyone else
State correct answers most complex and centralized political system, associated most w: large
dense populations, industrialized agriculture, occupation specialization, communication. Society
is divided into classes w ranks, profound inequality and discrimination
Egalitarian correct answers does not mean everyone is equal, but that all members of a society
have equal access to goods/ jobs/ etc.
Inequality correct answers differentiation between access to resources, consistently maintained
through the beliefs opinions, etc of a culture, not a binary concept and exists on a spectrum
Indigenous Knowledge correct answers
Slash & Burn correct answers process of clearing land by slashing down crops on a plot of land
and burning the forest or brush or grass that remains—kills pests, ashes fertilize soil
Polyculture/ Intercropping correct answers practice of relying on the product of several different
fruits/veggies in the same row of space (save space)
Biodiversity correct answers the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or
ecosystem.
Measuring Social Complexity correct answers archaeological record can help us find artifacts
and features and the distribution of resources, concerns include: destruction, defacement, and
plundering of archaeological sites - completely lose the info they could have provided
Occupational Specialization correct answers The process of focusing one's occupational
concentration on a specific area of expertise, makes less flexible workers bc they aren't much
help outside of their particular specialty
