MBI 111 FINAL Exam || with 100% Verified Solutions.
2 Types of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) correct answers 1. Cystitis (Bladder Infection)
2. Pyelonephritis (Kidney Infection)
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Bacterial Agents (3) correct answers 1.E. coli (most common)
2. Staphylococcus saprophyticus
3. Enterococcus
Occurs when E. coli bacteria (normal microbiota in the large intestine) find their way to the
urethra and then travel up to the bladder
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Symptoms (7) correct answers -Frequent urge to urinate
-Painful urination
-Feeling that bladder is not empty after urination
-Pelvic pain
-Fever
-Nausea
-Sometimes cloudy or orange urine
WOMAN affected more than men because of short urethra
How UTI's transition FROM Cystitis TO Pyelonephritis correct answers -Untreated cystitis can
progress to pyelonephritis
-if the bacteria travel up the ureters to the kidneys; scarring of kidneys can permanently impair
function
-Symptoms of Pyelonephritis includes that of Cystitis and back pain and high fever
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Prevention (4 total) correct answers 1. Prevention of cystitis:
-Drink lots of water or maybe drink cranberry juice
-Good hygiene
-Vaccines are in development to serve as prevention (but none yet)
2. Prevention of pyelonephritis:
-Treat cystitis as soon as symptoms appear
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) correct answers STI agents require environmental
conditions found inside the body
-Intimate contact required for transmission
-Can be spread by all types of sexual contact
-Often there are no symptoms: People don't realize they are infected
-STIs increase the risk of becoming infected with HIV
STI Prevention (4) correct answers 1. Abstinence (prevents all)
2. Monogamy with uninfected monogamous partner (prevents all)
3. Condoms (prevents some)
4. Medical checkups/tests for sexually active people (symptoms or not)
,Where is Normal Microbiota found (2) and NOT found (3) in females? correct answers FOUND:
-outer section of uretha
-Vagina (species differ from after childbirth)
NOT FOUND:
-uterus
-fallopian tubes
-ovaries
The microbes that cause STIs...? correct answers May cause damage to the reproductive organs
Gonorrhea Symptoms in Males (2) correct answers 1. Painful urination
2. Pus discharge from urethra
Gonorrhea Symptoms in Females (3) correct answers 1. Mucus
2. Pus, and/or bloody vaginal discharge
3. Sometimes painful urination
N. gonorrhoeae can also infect the eye, throat, or anus
What happens if Gonorrhea is transferred to infant during birth? (1) correct answers -Blindness
(Testing pregnant women & antibiotic eye drops for newborns are means of prevention)
Chlamydia Symptoms (2) and who is most common to get Clamydia (2)? correct answers 3/4
women; 1/2 men have no symptoms
If symptoms occur (men and women):
1. Painful urination
2. Watery discharge (Often mild)
-Women under 30 are at high risk
-Teen girls are at highest risk since the bacteria prefer cells commonly found on the adolescent
cervix
Chlamydia Complications of Untreated Cases correct answers Men: Infection/Inflammation
throughout reproductive tract -> Infertility
What happens if Chlamydia is transferred to infant during birth? (1) correct answers Babies
exposed during birth will develop:
1. Eye infections and/or sometimes pneumonia
(Testing pregnant women & antibiotic eye drops for newborns are means of prevention)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) (3) correct answers -Untreated chlamydia and/or gonorrhea
infections change conditions in the upper reproductive tract
-Other bacteria join the infection leading to extensive infection of the female reproductive
system
-Infection causes inflammation which causes scarring of fallopian tubes and other pelvic organs
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Consequences (3) and Treatment (1) correct answers -
Possible consequences
1. Infertility
2. Chronic pelvic pain
3. Ectopic pregnancy
-Risk is 7 - 10 times higher than risk for women who never had PID
-Treatment
1. Antibiotics will cure infection but scar tissue remains
Urine assists in protecting the urinary tract from microbial infection because urine..? (3) correct
answers 1. Flushes the system as it flows out the body
2. Had an acidic pH
3. Contains antibacterial substances
Antibiotic resistance is a potential problem for doctors attempting to cure...? (2) correct answers
1. D. Gonorrhea
2. Urinary tract infections caused by E. coli, but not chlamydia
Genital Herpes Transmission correct answers -Usually transmitted by contact with lesions
(sores/scars)
-Can be transmitted when no lesion or symptoms are present due to viral replication and
shedding from skin cells without lesions forming
-Condoms are NOT completely protective during an outbreak since sores are often in places not
covered such as the upper thigh
Genital Herpes Symptoms (2) correct answers Though many infected people have no symptoms
1. Painful vesicles
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