A* Condensed Alevel Psychology revision notes for Paper 1 Memory including essay plans organised into AO1 and AO3 as well as colour coded evaluation and explanations for each subtopic specified my the updated AQA specification.
, Multi-store Memory Model (MSM)
Atkinson and Shiffrin
● Linear model
● STM one store
● SM - modality specific coding,
large capacity, ½ - 2 secs
duration
● STM - acoustic coding, 7 +/- 2
chunks capacity, 18-30 secs
duration
● LTM - semantic coding,
potentially unlimited capacity,
potentially unlimited duration
, Glanzer and Cunitz - support capacity/duration
Baddeley - support coding ● Ps learned word list and recalled
● Found first words (primacy effect) and last words
● Ps learned word lists that were acoustically (recency effect) easier to recall
similar/dissimilar or semantically ● Supports limited duration/capacity of STM as middle
similar/dissimilar and recalled either words are displaced by last words still in STM
● Supports rehearsal to LTM as first words looked at most
immediately (STM) or after 20 mins (LTM)
into LTM
● Found recalling acoustic similar works
immediately and semantic similar words Jacobs and Miller - supports capacity STM
after 20 mins hardest and caused confusing
● Concluded STM acoustic coding LTM ● Ps learned and recalled number lists and letter lists
semantic coding ● Found could recall 9 numbers and 5 letters
● Concluded STM capacity about 7+/- 2 items and can be
Peterson and Peterson - support duration STM expanded by chunking info
● 24 Ps learned nonsense trigrams and then Bahrick - supports duration of LTM
counted back in 3s to prevent maintenance
● 392 American Uni grads match names to classmates in
rehearsal then recalled yearbook
● After 3 secs 80% correct after 18 secs 10% ● 60% correct recall after 47 years
correct
● Concluded STM has duration of about 18-30 Baddeley and Hitch - criticism WMM
secs
● Criticised of being too simplistic not considering multiple
stores of STM shown by Baddeley’s dual task experiment
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