A* Condensed Alevel Psychology revision notes for Paper 1 Social Influence including essay plans organised into AO1 and AO3 as well as colour coded evaluation and explanations for each subtopic specified my the updated AQA specification.
,Types of explanations for conformity
Kelaman Deutsch and Gerard
● Conformity - when an individual changes ● Proposed the dual process theory
their behaviour or beliefs to fit in with the ● Normative Social Influence (NSI) - want to
majority or by into a group due to group appear as one with the majority and fulfil
pressures
the human need to be liked and not
● Compliance - agree with a group but keep
personal opinions which results in a rejected which normally leads to
temporary change compliance
● Identification - conform to ideas and ● Informational Social Influence (ISI) - when
actions but not agreeing privately to be the correct behaviour is ambiguous we
liked by and associated with a group look to the majority for the appropriate
● Internalisation - change public and private behaviour to fulfil the human desire to be
beliefs and actions which leads to a long right which normally leads to
term change internalisation
, Asch - supports NSI Lucas et al. - supports ISI
● When line task was unambiguous ● Found greater conformity to harder maths
participants still conformed to the wrong questions given to students than easier
answer 36.8% especially if the students rated their maths
● When interviewed later Ps revealed they ability poor
were afraid to speak against confederates ● ISI as believe others are experts and have
for fear of disapproval more knowledge so conform when the
answer is ambiguous
Shultz et al. - supports NSI ● NSI is less influential as Ps didn’t conform
to easier questions
● Guests in a hotel exposed to the
statement ‘75% of guests chose to reuse Asch - criticism
their towels each day’ reduced their own
towel usage by 25% ● Criticises two process theory as NSI and
● Compared to guests hearing about the ISI work together in variation where
environmental benefits of reusing towels dissenting confederate is introduced and
which was less effective conformity fell to just 5.5%
● Shows NSI is more influential in making ● Dissenter reduces NSI as provides social
others conform than ISI due to the social support against the majority
pressure to be liked ● Reduces ISI as provides an alternative
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