AICE Marine Science Exam Review Questions with Correct Answers
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Module
Marine Science
Institution
Marine Science
What is meant by the term succession? Using an artificial reef and a coastline contaminated by an oil spill; which would illustrate a better example of primary succession and which for secondary succession? Why? - Answer-The process by which a plant or animal community successively gives way to ano...
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AICE Marine Science Exam Review
Questions with Correct Answers
What is meant by the term succession? Using an artificial reef and a coastline
contaminated by an oil spill; which would illustrate a better example of primary
succession and which for secondary succession? Why? - Answer-The process by which
a plant or animal community successively gives way to another until a stable climax is
reached.
Primary: Artificial reef.
Secondary: Coastline contaminated by an oil spill.
What is meant by the term trophic level and what are the five standard levels called? In
addition which has the highest amount and lowest amount of available energy? -
Answer-Trophic level = energy.
5 Standard Levels:
1. Primary Producers, 2. Primary Consumers, 3. Secondary Consumers, 4. Tertiary
Consumers, 5. Quaternary Consumers.
Levels of Available Energy:
Highest: Primary Producers, Lowest: Quaternary Consumers.
Contrast the difference between up-welling and down-welling coastal zones as it applies
to productivity. Explain why. - Answer-Upwelling: Higher productivity (Cold water, high in
O2, high in nutrients).
Downwelling: Lower productivity. (Warm water, low in O2, low in nutrients).
Suggest two major reasons for why coral reef cover is drastically declining on a global
scale. - Answer-#1: Ocean Acidification.
#2: Pollution.
Why do coral reefs need low turbidity conditions as well as a hard substrate to thrive? -
Answer-Hard substrates: Act as a stabilizer (anchor).
Low turbidity: Clarity of water, allows for more photosynthesis (allows more sunlight to
penetrate surface).
Provide an explanation as to why 90% of the productivity of the primary producers is not
carried over to the productivity of the primary consumers. - Answer-Energy decreases
as it moves up trophic levels because energy is lost as metabolic heat when the
organisms from one trophic level are consumed by organisms from the next level.
Suggest two reasons why productivity of the primary producers is usually higher in
estuaries that are in pelagic zones. - Answer-1. There is more sunlight, allowing for
more productivity.
2. Higher nutrient levels.
, If you were cultivating algae to be used as food for tilapia aquaculture what would you
think would be the three most important abiotic factors that would need to be focused
on. - Answer-1. Temperature.
2. Light intensity.
3. Dissolved oxygen.
Explain what is meant by a limiting nutrient. What would be an excellent example of a
limiting nutrient in the neretic zones and which would be in pelagic zones. - Answer-The
limiting nutrient would be the compound that will have limited availability and thus
control the rate of producer productivity.
Neretic: Phosphates.
Pelagic: Iron Compounds.
Explain why viviparous propagules are an evolutionary advantage for the red
mangroves. - Answer-When the propagules drop into the water already germinated,
there is a much higher survival rate for.
Explain why up-welling coastal zones are very high in productivity. - Answer-Cold water
containing large amounts of oxygen (O2) and nutrients rises, increasing productivity.
How do El Ninos impact up-welling coastal zones off California? Describe two impacts
on marine ecosystems from El Ninos. - Answer-During an El Niño situation, when the
warm current appears, upwelling ceases and phytoplankton production is greatly
diminished and the fish move to colder regions farther south (or they starve).
Impacts on marine ecosystems:
1. Kelp forests suffer.
2. Many lifeforms starve.
Explain how a hurricane is able to produce a eutrophication event. - Answer-As a
hurricane continues on its path it collects nutrients and deposits them in other areas and
increases runoff leading to more nutrients which eventually result in a eutrophication
event (or bloom.)
What are three ecological services provided by seagrass growing in an estuary such as
the Indian River Lagoon? What are two economic services provided? - Answer-
Ecological: 1. Nursery, 2. Food source, 3. Reduce turbidity (allows for higher
productivity).
Economic: 1. Tourism, 2. Fishing.
Explain how poor agricultural practices result in a eutrophication event at the mouth of
rivers. What is this specific event known as? - Answer-This specific event is known as a
dead zone. Nitrogen and phosphorous enter the river through upstream runoff of
fertilizers, soil erosion, animal wastes, and sewage. In a natural system, these nutrients
aren't significant factors in algae growth because they are depleted in the soil by plants.
However, with anthropogenically increased nitrogen and phosphorus input, algae
growth is no longer limited. Consequently, algal blooms develop, the food chain is
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