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Organic chemistry test study guide notes for Aldehydes and Ketones Electrophilicity and Oxidation Reduction Nucleophilic Addition Reactions Oxidation Reduction Reactions and Description and Properties concept summary good for mcat prep£7.70
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Organic chemistry test study guide notes for Aldehydes and Ketones Electrophilicity and Oxidation Reduction Nucleophilic Addition Reactions Oxidation Reduction Reactions and Description and Properties concept summary good for mcat prep
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Module
Ochem
Institution
Document Overview: Organic Chemistry Test Study Guide for Aldehydes and Ketones
Introduction This document serves as a comprehensive study guide focused on aldehydes and ketones, crucial functional groups in organic chemistry. It outlines key concepts related to their electrophilicity, oxidation...
Organic Chemistry -Nucleophilic Addition
Test Study Guide: Reactions
Oxidation-Reduction
Ch.6 Aldehydes and Ketones Reactions.
Electrophilicity and -Description and
Oxidation-Reduction Properties
CONCEPT SUMMARY
Description and Properties
Aldehydes:
a. Terminal functional groups.
b. Contain a carbonyl (C=O) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
c. Nomenclature: Suffix -al; Prefix oxo-; In cyclic structures, suffix -carbaldehyde.
Ketones:
a. Internal functional groups.
b. Contain a carbonyl (C=O) bonded to two alkyl chains.
c. Nomenclature: Suffix -one; Prefix oxo- or keto-.
Reactivity:
a. The polarity of the carbonyl double bond influences reactivity.
b. The carbon atom in the carbonyl group has a partial positive charge, making it electrophilic.
Boiling Points:
a. Carbonyl-containing compounds exhibit higher boiling points than equivalent alkanes due to dipole
interactions.
b. Alcohols have even higher boiling points than carbonyls because of hydrogen bonding.
Aldehydes and Ketones: Description and Properties
Aldehydes:
Functional Group: Terminal functional groups.
Structure: Contains a carbonyl (C=O) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
Nomenclature:
a. Suffix: -al
b. Prefix: oxo-
c. In cyclic structures: suffix -carbaldehyde.
Ketones:
Functional Group: Internal functional groups.
Structure: Contains a carbonyl (C=O) bonded to two alkyl chains.
Nomenclature:
a. Suffix: -one
b. Prefix: oxo- or keto-.
Reactivity:
The polarity of the carbonyl double bond influences reactivity.
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