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Social influence AQA A-level Psychology Notes + Detailed 16 mark essay plans

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This a full document of all the necessary content for AQA A-level Psychology Topic 1 - Social Influence. It also contains detailed 16 mark essay plans that can be easily memorised to ace the 16 mark exam questions.

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  • September 22, 2024
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Unit I: social influence
PAPER 1

, Conformity
confirmity-


·
Definition of Conformity : A change in behaviour or opinions as a result of

real or imagined pressure from a person or a group of people .



Asch's experiment (1995) - conformity
AIM : To investigate the degree to which individuals would conform to a

majority who gave obviously wrong answers
male Student volunteers
participants
: 123 American




I
Method Findings
7 The students were told that the test percentage that conformed :



was a study of visual perception . > 75 % conformed at least once .




37 to a in each group 5% conformed every time .


> I8trials ,
12 critical trials 25 % didn't conform

> Asked to say which line was the same as -
when confederates gave wrong answer
,

A , B or C
. the naive participant went along with it

> Those who didn't know were either . 2%
3 of the time .




placed last or last but one after them
.
/




Methodological issues Ethical issues
Procedure
· was uneconomical and time--Involved deceit as he told Ps it was a study

consuming. of visual perception
. >
-

However at end of

· situation was unrealistic and so lacked the test they were debriefed -
told what it was

Mundane realism Would be unusual .
to about .




be in a situation where you would · Also involved psychological harm with

disagree so much with others. participants under stress through

· lab based-Demand characteristics disagreeing with others.
↳ Strength
-

can replicate it so reliable

-
Also high-level of control
· Social Desirability

· ps-can't generalise to anyone other

than American male Student volunteers.

Doesn't snow what anyone else <
would do.

, Situational variables affecting conformity

size of the group EVIDENCE
conformity rates increases as · One realp and one confederate

the size of a majority influence -
conformity was low .




increases ,
but comes a point where 13 % with 2 confederates

further increases in the size of a 32 % with 3 Confederates

majority doesn't lead to further ·
Adding extra Confederates (up to 15)
increases in conformity. ↓ad no further effect on overall

conformity rate
.




unanimity EVIDENCE
conformity rates have been Asch found that if there was one


found to decline when majority confederate who went against the

influence is not unanimous . other confederates ,
conformity dropped
the important factor would seem from around 32 % to 3 . 3 %, but if

to be reduction in majority's the 'rebel' went against both,

agreement ,
rather than an confederates and the rebel p
,

individual being given support conformity dropped to 9 %.

for their opinions.




Task Difficulty EVIDENCE
Greater conformity rates are Asch increased task difficulty by

seen when +ask difficulty making the comparison lines similar

increases ,
as the right answer to each other , finding that when he

becomes less obvious .
this means did so participants were more likely

that individuals will look to to conform to wrong answers , thus


others more for guidance as demonstrating the effect of task

to what the correct response is, difficulty on conformity.

suggesting that ISI is the


dominant force . 3 Information a
Influence

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