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BSC1010 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS RATED 100% LATEST UPDATE
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BSC1010 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS RATED 100% LATEST UPDATE Matter substance that takes up space and is made of atoms Energy The ability to do work Work means moving matter Element A pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical into other substances; atoms of ea...

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  • September 22, 2024
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BSC1010 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE

SOLUTIONS RATED 100% LATEST UPDATE

Matter


substance that takes up space and is made of atoms


Energy


The ability to do work


Work


means moving matter


Element


A pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical into other substances; atoms of each element

contain a characteristic number of protons.


Whats an example of an element?


oxygen (O), carbon (C), nitrogen (N)


Bulk Elements


an element that an organism requires in large amounts because they make up the vast majority of every

living cell.


The four most abundant bulk elements in life are:


Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N)

,What are other bulk elements?


Phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), calcium (Ca)


Trace elements


An element an organism requires in small amounts


example of trace elements


Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn)


Atom


The smallest particle of matter; composed of protons, neutrons, electrons.


Proton


A particle in an atoms nucleus carrying a positive charge


Neutron


A particle in an atoms nucleus that is electrically neutral


Nucleus (atom)


-the central part of an atom

-perforated sac containing DNA, proteins, and RNA; surrounded by a double membrane

-It separates DNA from the rest of the cell; sites of the first step in protein synthesis; nucleolus produces

ribosomal subunits

-In plant and animal cells


Electrons


Negatively charged particles (weightless compared to proton + neutron)

,Atomic number


The number protons in an atoms nucleus. examples hydrogen (simplest type of an atom) has an atomic

number 1.


Elements are arranged by?


atomic number, above each elements symbol, in the periodic table.


when the number of protons equals the number of electrons the atom is


electrically neutral; it has no charge


ion


a group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons, giving it an electrical charge.


What is an example of an ion?


A common positively charged ion (Cation) is H+


Atom's mass number


the total number of protons + neutrons in an atoms nucleus


Isotope


Any of the forms of an element, each having a different number of neutrons in the nucleus.


Example of an Isotope


Carbon-12: 6 protons, 6 neutrons, 6 electrons

carbon-13: 6 protons, 7 neutrons, 6 electrons

carbon-14: 6 protons, 8 neutrons, 6 electrons

, Elements atomic weight


The average mass of an element and is typically close to the mass number of the most abundant isotope.


Radioactive isotope


Emit as rays or particles when they break down into more stable forms.


Molecule


Two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds


Example of a molecule


Hydrogen gas (H2) and Oxygen gas (O2)


Compound


A molecule composed of two or more different elements


Examples of compound


Methane gas (CH4) and Water (H2O)


Molecular Formula


Writing the symbols of their constituent elements and indicating the number of atoms of each element

as subscripts

ex: Methane (CH4) and Water (H20)


Orbitals


The most likely location for an electron relative to its nucleus. Where each orbital can hold up to two

electrons. More electrons in an atom, the more orbitals they occupy.

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