Sociology of Families and Social Problems (SOC2604)
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SOC2604 Assignment 2 Semester 2 2024 | Due 27 September 2024
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Module
Sociology of Families and Social Problems (SOC2604)
Institution
University Of South Africa (Unisa)
SOC2604 Assignment 2 Semester 2 2024 | Due 27 September 2024. Multiple Essays Provided. 1. Write a critical essay on the different theoretical models applied to people with disabilities
and relate how the deaf community can be regarded as an example of a marginalized identity. No more than 2000 wo...
Sociology of Families and Social Problems (SOC2604)
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1. Write a critical essay on the different theoretical models applied to people with disabilities
and relate how the deaf community can be regarded as an example of a marginalized identity.
Essay 1
Disability is a complex social and individual experience that has given rise to various theoretical
models for understanding the condition and experiences of individuals with disabilities. These
models have evolved from perceiving disability merely as a personal tragedy or medical condition to
a broader social and political understanding that challenges exclusionary structures. The deaf
community is an illustrative case study of how theoretical models of disability apply to a
marginalized group. By examining the medical, social, tragedy, and affirmative models of disability,
this essay will explore how these perspectives shape societal attitudes toward disability. Furthermore,
the essay will illustrate how the deaf community exemplifies a marginalized identity, subject to
systemic exclusion, yet possessing a distinct cultural identity that challenges dominant societal
narratives.
The Medical Model of Disability
The medical model is the most traditional and widespread framework used to understand disability.
It perceives disability primarily as an individual’s physical or mental impairment that requires
medical intervention. According to this view, the issue lies with the individual and their physical
limitations, which need to be corrected or cured through medical expertise. This perspective aligns
with the broader biomedical model, which considers disease and impairment as resulting from
identifiable causes that can be addressed through therapeutic or medical interventions.
In the context of the deaf community, the medical model views deafness as a pathological condition
that should be "fixed" or alleviated through hearing aids, cochlear implants, and speech therapy. This
view is grounded in the assumption that being unable to hear is inherently a deficit, something that
limits individuals from leading a "normal" life. Therefore, the role of the medical professional
becomes one of managing or mitigating this deficit, as illustrated by the use of audiograms to
measure hearing loss and determine the need for corrective measures.
While medical interventions can indeed improve the quality of life for many people with hearing
impairments, this approach is criticized for its reductionist view. Critics argue that the medical model
fails to account for the social and cultural dimensions of deafness, particularly how members of the
deaf community perceive their identity. By emphasizing medical "solutions," the model implicitly
devalues the lived experiences and social identities that come with being deaf. Moreover, it often
sidelines the voices of the deaf community, treating them as passive recipients of medical care rather
than as agents with the capacity to define their own lives.
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