CLA 2110 Final Study Set Questions and Answers
Where (approximately) is Aswan situated? Also describe the landscape of the region
It's a city in Southern Egypt beside the Nile
What is mud brick?
Air-dried bricks of mud and straw
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CLA 2110 Final Study Set Questions and
Answers
Where (approximately) is Aswan situated? Also describe the landscape of the region -
answer It's a city in Southern Egypt beside the Nile
What is mud brick? - answer Air-dried bricks of mud and straw
Why is it important for dating purposes to carefully draw and describe the walls of mud
brick houses? - answer Houses were built out of mud and straw, called mud brick,
every generation or so, your mud brick wall is taken down, and the build one atop of the
old brick wall
Where do we get the absolute dates from for these houses? - answer The dating of
pottery is quite useful, so thermoluminescence dating is used on the pottery that's found
Archaeologists also have to make study of the buildings they discover. In 1871 the
temple of Isis was discovered in Aswan. Which aspects of the temple were researched
to reconstruct the reuse of the temple after it was no longer in use as a temple?
(mention at least 3) - answer Architecture
Graffiti
Wall Niches
Features of the pavement
What is the disadvantage of an emergency excavation, like the one I mentioned in
Aswan? - answer Limited time to operate, can only excavate so much
Why are excavations much harder to perform in the city of Aswan than on Elephantine
island? - answer Elephantine island is not inhabited
Is the ruin hill of Elephantine island mainly a result of natural or human formation
processes? How did the hill come into existence? - answer Human formation
processes made up the majority of the mud brick walls
The site was abandoned in the 14th century CE. Why have the Late Antique layers
been poorly preserved in comparison with, for example, the pharaonic layers? - answer
The late antique layers have been pillaged by farmers, for their fertilizer
In the 'excavations' on the island of Philae by Ludwig Borchardt and Captain Lyons in
1895/1896 an important map was made of the island and its temples were carefully
described. In what way did this excavation fail to meet the modern standards of
archaeology? - answer All of the mud bricks were shoved into the sea for some
reason
, How were the temples of Philae rescued during the building of the Aswan High Dam in
the 1960's and 1970's? - answer Temples were dismantled, brought over to the
current island of Agilka, this was also a thing about making a smaller dam to make
excavations easier
What was the original, colonial perspective on the spread of Greek culture from Sybaris
into the countryside, after it had been founded by the Greeks in 720 BCE? What role
was assigned to Francavilla in this colonisation process? - answer Colonial thinking:
it spread from there to the countryside, Francavilla being one of those regional centres
that helped spread Greek culture (this process is called Hellenization)
Why is this approach wrong and how has the perspective on this process changed in
recent scholarship? - answer Scholars now look more at Greek colonization as a
gradual process of interaction; therefore scholars approach the material more from a
local perspective
Deer comb revealed it was more gradual, rather than international it was a local context
that was sought
80. Which two sites have been investigated in Francavilla? - answer The use of two
sites - Macchiabate (Iron age necropolis) and Timpone della Motta (foot hill, 280 m high,
settlement)
Tell something about the excavation history of these two sites. Mention the people who
dug there and when. - answer 1963 - 1969: Paola Zancani-Montuoro excavated
Macchibate: 200 tombs; Maria Stoop and Marianne Kleibrink excavated three building
on Timpone della Motta and Iron age huts
From 1991: University of Groningen excavations on different levels of hill; most
important discovery: sacral buildings were temples that became temple of Athena in 6th
Century BCE
In the necropolis the Italian excavator distinguished four phases. What was her
conclusion based on this chronology? - answer SO: Model of destruction and take
over by Greeks in second half of seventh century
In second half of 7th century, less tombs: vacuum left by Greek takeover
In which two ways has this interpretation been proven wrong by the Dutch excavator
who reviewed the archaeological remains in the 1990's? - answer 1. No sign of
destruction in these tombs(seventh century grave shown with secondary additions)
Tomb: There's a sign of respect for the older tradition here
2. Shift from 'indigenous' grave goods such as biconic bowl, cup and dish to 'Greek'
drinking bowl and wine jar in 7th century
Earlier interpretation: this shows that more Greeks came to live in the colony
BUT: artefacts do not always reflect a culture, and these gifts are rather to be seen as
expressions of local elite who was increasingly interacting with Greeks
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