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Maryville NURS 611 patho exam 1 Questions and Correct Answers | Latest Update £9.13   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

Maryville NURS 611 patho exam 1 Questions and Correct Answers | Latest Update

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  • Module
  • NURS 611
  • Institution
  • NURS 611

Apoptosis ~:- A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular selfdestruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations Necrosis ~:- Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling, mitochondria dysfunction What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading ...

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  • September 23, 2024
  • 46
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NURS 611
  • NURS 611
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1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+




Maryville NURS 611 Exam 1
Questions and Correct Answers |
Latest Update
Nucleus


~:- DNA and RNA are housed here. Contains all genetic material.




Ribosomes


~:- Responsible for protein synthesis




Mitochondria


~:- Produces ATP. This structure generates ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.

Cells power plant. The more a cell needs energy the more it will need this. The

heart would need more of this than the eyes, bones, or skin.




Golgi apparatus


~:- Responsible for packaging and distribution. Processes and packages

proteins for delivery. Shipping and receiving center. Receives newly

synthesized proteins and lipids from the ER. Modified with sugar molecules for

their destination. Then sends them on their way.




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


Lysosome


~:- Degrades and recycles waste. Contains digestive enzymes. Does this with

hydrolase enzymes




Peroxisome


~:- Has a byproduct of H2O2 which produces Free Radicals. Can detoxify

compounds and fatty acids. (Think peroxide) they break things down using

oxygen. Byproduct is H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide). Digest and breakdown

organic molecules - uses molecular oxygen.




Free Radical


~:- Any molecular species capable of independent existence that contains a

single unpaired electron in an outer orbit. Having one unpaired electron

makes the molecule unstable; the molecule becomes stabilized either by

donating or by accepting an electron from another molecule.




Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)


~:- Chemically reactive molecules from molecular oxygen formed as natural

oxidant species in cells during mitochondrial respiration and energy

generation.




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


Damage by free radicals/ROS


~:- When excessive ROSs overwhelm the endogenous antioxidant systems,

oxidative stress occurs. A very large excess of ROS tends to cause necrosis,

but smaller excess of ROS can cause apoptosis.

Free radicals can cause lipid peroxidation or the destruction of unsaturated

fatty acid, alterations of proteins, and alterations in DNA




What is the plasma membrane made up of?


~:- Lipids, proteins, and polysaccharides




Why do we need a cell membrane?


~:- To keep the ICF and ECF separate, structure, protection, activation of

cell, transport, and cell-to-cell interaction




How is osmolality different between ICF and ECF?


~:- The osmolality of ICF and ECF tends to equalize and therefore provides a

measure of body fluid concentration and thus the body's hydration status.




What do proteins do for the cell?




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


~:- Proteins act as

Recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in and out

of the cell;


Pores or transport channels for various electrically charged particles called

ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and

monosaccharides;


Specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote concentration of

certain ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping

concentrations of other ions, for example sodium (Na+), below

concentrations found in the extracellular environment;


Cell surface markers, such as glycoproteins (proteins attached to

carbohydrates), that identify a cell to its neighbor;


Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), or proteins that allow cells to hook together

and form attachments to the cytoskeleton for maintaining cellular shape;

and


Catalysts of chemical reactions, for example, conversion of lactose to

glucose.




How much of the cell membrane is made up of protein?


~:- 55% the cell membrane is made up of protein




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

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