NU641 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
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Module
NU641
Institution
NU641
NU641 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
Classification of Drug Therapy for Parkinson's disease - Answer- -exercise is a natural way of increasing dopamine
-Dopaminergic agents: Promote activation of dopamine receptors
-Levodopa - Anticholine...
NU641 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+
Classification of Drug Therapy for Parkinson's disease - Answer- -exercise is a natural
way of increasing dopamine
-Dopaminergic agents: Promote activation of dopamine receptors
-Levodopa - Anticholinergic agents: Prevent activation of cholinergic receptors
-Benztropine (Cogentin)
-Amantadine
Dopaminergic Agents - Mechanism of action - Answer- -Promotion of dopamine
synthesis
-Prevention of dopamine degradation
-Promotion of dopamine release
-Direct activation of dopamine receptors
Adverse Effects of Dopaminergic Agents - Answer- -Nausea
-Dyskinesias
-Postural hypotension
-Dysrhythmias
-Psychosis-hallucinations
-Dark sweat and dark urine
-Acute loss of effect-avoid high protein meals
Anticholinergic Agents - Answer- -counteract the extrapyramidal adverse reactions
associated with some psychotropic drugs; exert direct antispasmodic effects and inhibit
the muscarinic action of ACh on smooth muscle.
-Control tremors and relax smooth muscle
-Inhibit the muscarinic action of ACh on bladder muscle
-Benztropine (Cogentin)
-Trihexyphenidyl (Artane)
Adverse Effects of Anticholinergic Agents - Answer- -Several drug-drugs interactions
because they alter transit time through the GI tract; may alter the absorption of any
orally administered drug. For drugs with a narrow therapeutic range or drugs that can
reach toxic levels if retained too long in the GI tract, concurrent administration is not
recommended.
Drug Therapy for Parkinson's Disease - Answer- -Levodopa promotes synthesis of
dopamine in the striatum
-Carbidopa enhances the effects of levodopa (Sinemet)
-Pramipexole (Mirapex) is a dopamine agonist
-Entacapone (Comtan) prevents the breakdown on levodopa-COMT inhibitor
-Amantadine (Symmetrel) stimulates dopamine release
-Selegiline (Eldepryl, Carbex) is a MAO-B inhibitor prevents breakdown of levodopa
Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease - Answer- -Degeneration of neurons
-Reduced cholinergic transmission
-Levels of ACh are 90% below normal
-ACh needed for memory
-Neuritic plaques and beta-amyloid contribute to neuronal injury
-Neurofibrillary tangles and tau
-Apolipoprotein E4 known for its role in cholesterol transport may promote formation of
neuritic plaques
-Endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein is high in patients with AD
-High homocysteine levels are associated with AD
Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) - Answer- -Age
-Family history
-Women
-Head injury
-Low education
-Production of ApoE4
-High homocysteine
-Nicotine (40% increase among smokers)
Symptoms and Diagnosis of AD - Answer- -Symptoms begin after age 65 but can
appear earlier
-Disorientation
-Lost in familiar surroundings
-Judgment is impaired
-Personality changes
-Wandering, pacing, agitation, and screaming occur
-Definitive diagnosis is done at autopsy with the finding of neuritic plaques and
neurofibrillary tangles
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