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Physical anthropology Final Review questions well answered(updated)
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Physical anthropology Final Review questions well answered(updated)
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Physical anthropology Final ReviewBe able to distinguish the focus areas between the fields of Anthropology and their subfields (ie forensic
anthropology, paleoanthropology, primatology) - correct answer ✔✔Physical Anthropology-
paleoanthropology, primatology, forensic anthropology, human variation
Archaeology- historical archaeology, prehistoric archaeology, applied archaeology, cultural resource
management
Anthropological Linguistics- historical linguistics, descriptive linguistics, ethnolinguistic, applied linguistics
Cultural Anthropology- ethnography, ethnology, urban anthropology, environmental anthropology
DNA - correct answer ✔✔The double-stranded molecule that contains the genetic code. It is also a main
component of chromosomes.
RNA - correct answer ✔✔A single-stranded molecule similar in structure to DNA. three forms are
essential to protein synthesis:
- messenger
- transfer
- ribosomal
What is the centromere? - correct answer ✔✔The region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of
the spindle attach, via the kinetochore, during cell division.
Genotype - correct answer ✔✔The combination of alleles of a gene carried by an organism. (symbolic
representation of pair of alleles by 2 letters)
Phenotype - correct answer ✔✔The expression of alleles of a gene carried by an organism.
(characteristics/ traits of an organism)
Be familiar with Mendel and his pea plant experiments and be able to use a Punnett square - correct
answer ✔✔Gregor Mendel developed the model of heredity on various characteristics of pea plants:
height tall vs short, seed color yellow vs Green, seat coat smooth vs. wrinkled, etc.
, Mendel started out with plants that "bred true" That is, when tall plants were self-pollinated (or cross-
pollinated with others like them), plants in following generations were all tall when the short plants were
self-pollinated (or cross- pollinated with others like them) the plants in following generations were all
short
Homology - correct answer ✔✔Similarity in structure and anatomical position but not in function
between different organisms. (arm of a human, wing of a bird, and leg of a dog are homologous
structures)
Analogy - correct answer ✔✔Similar function and resemblance of structures that have different origins.
For example, the wings of a fly, a moth, and a bird are analogous because they developed independently
as adaptations to a common function: flying.
Interspecific variation - correct answer ✔✔Variation between different species.
Intraspecific variation - correct answer ✔✔Variation within a species.
Be familiar with H erectus fossil evidence at Zhoukoudian - correct answer ✔✔This composite skull
combines several skulls from the same site, first named Sinanthropus pekinensis (see-nan-thro-pus peak-
an-en-sis) but later attributed to Homo erectus. The original fossils vanished while being shipped to the
United States for safety during World War II, but scientists still have high-quality casts and descriptions to
work with.
Site: Zhoukoudian, China
Age: Between 780,000 and 400,000 years old
Species: Homo erectus
Acheulean tools - correct answer ✔✔are more advanced: the makers went back and retouched them,
striking off more flakes in order to sharpen and straighten the edge.
Oldowan tools - correct answer ✔✔are struck to produce a sharp surface, like a chopper or scraper.
Mousterian tools - correct answer ✔✔involve a prepared core: the maker struck off a platform from one
edge of their core, and then flaked from there in a specific pattern to get the desired tool
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