NU 608 3 Exam Questions and Answers All Correct
Acute renal failure characteristics (3): - Answer- 1. loss of water and electrolyte hemostasis
2. decrease in GFR
3. decreased UOP, increase in BUN and Cr
Three types of ARF: - Answer- pre-renal, post-renal, and intrinsic
Pre-renal ARF: - ...
NU 608 3 Exam Questions and
Answers All Correct
Acute renal failure characteristics (3): - Answer- 1. loss of water and electrolyte
hemostasis
2. decrease in GFR
3. decreased UOP, increase in BUN and Cr
Three types of ARF: - Answer- pre-renal, post-renal, and intrinsic
Pre-renal ARF: - Answer- STATE OF HYPOPERFUSION TO AN OTHERWISE
NORMAL KIDNEY, glomeruli unable to filter waste, tubules are functional, kidneys
retain Na+ and water
Causes of pre-renal ARF: (3) - Answer- 1. hypovolemia
2. hypotension
3. hypoxemia
dehydration, GI losses, bleeding, loss of intravascular volume r/t inflammation,
decreased cardiac output.
Post-renal ARF: - Answer- Due to an obstruction of urine that can occur in the ureter,
bladder, urethra. Issues with elimination of urine.
Horseshoe kidney: - Answer- fused poles, prone to reflux or obstruction, occurs during
fetal development.
Intrinsic ARF: - Answer- due to structural damage in the nephron- glomerular, tubular,
interstitial
Causes of intrinsic ARF: - Answer- ATN MOST COMMON CAUSE!!!!!!
1. ischemia associated with pre-renal
2. toxic insult to tubular structures- drugs/chemo
3. intratubular obstruction-clots/casts
4. acute glomerulonephritis- streptococcal infection, mono, virus
5. congenital- cystic dysplasia
, Acute tubular necrosis (ATN): - Answer- MOST COMMON CAUSE OF INTRINSIC
ARF! ischemic or toxic injury to tubules due to decreased MAP, arterioles lose their
autoregulatory powers, vasoconstriction occurs, pressure increases, cellular damage
An increase of how much cr indicates renal insufficiency? - Answer- 0.3 to 0.5mg/day
Urinanalysis checks for: - Answer- reflects the structure of the tubules by checking
protein (shouldn't see because protein can't be filtered through unless kidney is
damaged), blood, pyuria, epithelial cells (seen in injury, as lining sloughs off in injury),
casts
Chronic renal failure and most common etiologies (4): - Answer- Progressive and
irreversible destruction of kidney structures due to:
1.diabetes
2. hypertension
3. glomerulonephritis
4. polycystic kidney disease
Common findings in glomerular impairment: - Answer- hypertension, edema (loss of
protein), hematuria, azotemia and decreased GFR
Most common cause of chronic renal failure in the us: - Answer- inflammation of the
glomerulus
Most common form of glomerulonephritis: - Answer- post streptococcal
glomerulonephritis. Occurs 7-12 days post strep infection due to the formation of
immune complex formation.
Nephrotic syndrome: - Answer- due to massive protein loss in the urine (>3.5g or more)
due to glomerular injury. You'll see edema, elevated lipids, low albumin.
Total body water is made up of (2): - Answer- 1. intracellular fluid
2. extracellular fluid
Intracellular fluid: how much of total body water? - Answer- 2/3 of total body water.
fluid inside the cells. K+ is the principle cation, and phosphate and protein are the
principle anion.
Extracellular fluid: how much of the total body water? Divided into what two
components? - Answer- 1/3.
1. plasma volume- intravascular fluid
2. interstitial fluid- extravascular fluid 3/4 of ECF. Na+ is the major cation, and Cl- and
bicarb are the anions.
Non-excretory function of the kidney (5): - Answer- 1. renin production (BP)
2. prostaglandin production (vasodilators)
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