Exam (elaborations)
A&P I FINAL EXAM (JCJC) FULLY SOLVED 2024 -24
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- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I
- Institution
- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I
A&P I FINAL EXAM (JCJC) FULLY SOLVED 2024 -24
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A&P I FINAL EXAM (JCJC) FULLY SOLVED 2024 #24Histology - correct answer study of tissues
What is negative feedback? How does negative feedback maintain homeostasis? -
correct answer -a stimulus, a deviation from a set point, is resisted through a
physiological process that returns the body to homeostasis
-Negative feedback moves towards homeostasis
What is homeostasis? - correct answer all body systems work together to respond to
external and internal changes to function within a normal range
Epithelial Tissue - correct answer covers body surfaces and cavities / characteristics:
polarity & regeneration / ex: skin & salivary glands
Connective Tissue - correct answer most abundant & widely distributed, has 4 main
classes (connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood) /characteristics: stores
reserve fuel & transporting substances (blood) / ex: surrounds capillaries & epiglottis
Muscle Tissue - correct answer highly vascularized, responsible for most types of
movement / 3 types: skeletal, cardiac, & smooth / ex: walls of heart & walls of hollow
organs
Nervous Tissue - correct answer main component of nervous system / located in brain,
spinal cord, and nerves / made up of 2 specialized cells: neurons & supporting cells that
insulate & protect
What is an endocrine & exocrine gland? - correct answer -Endo: one or more cells that
internally secretes an aqueous fluid (hormones)
-Exo: one or more cells that externally secretes an aqueous fluid (sweat)
What are the steps of tissue repair? - correct answer inflammation sets stage,
organization restores blood supply, regeneration and fibrosis effect permanent repair
What are the characteristics unique to cartilage but not other connective tissues? -
correct answer It has an extracellular matrix
Collagen fibers are said to have great tensile strength. What does that mean in
relationship to intervertebral discs? - correct answer tensile strength allows it to absorb
compressive shock
What is found in elastic cartilage? Where do you find this tissue? - correct answer
Elastic & collagen fibers / Found in the external ear (pinna) & epiglottis
, What is unique about pseudostratified epithelium? Where do you find it? - correct
answer Cells vary in height & appear to be multilayered, but it is single-layered / located
in upper respiratory tract, ducts of large glands, & tubules in testes
Where do you find simple squamous epithelium? Why? - correct answer kidney
glomeruli; air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, & lymphatic vessels / lining of
ventral body cavity (serosae) ... Rapid diffusion required there (used in filtration &
diffusion
Where do you find goblet cells and why? - correct answer Found scattered among
epithelial lining of both the small & large intestine / they produce mucus that protects
against bacterial invasion & help immune cells
Where do you find ciliated pseudostratified columnar cells? - correct answer upper
respiratory tracts, ducts of large glands, & tubules in testes (trachea)
What is unique to bone but not other connective tissues? - correct answer has inorganic
calcium salts, osteoblasts produce matrix, osteocytes maintain matrix
What are the 3 layers of the skin? - correct answer epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
What are the 5 layers of the epidermis? - correct answer stratum basale, stratum
spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum
What is the skin pigment? - correct answer melanin
What vitamins are for the skin? - correct answer Vitamin C & A
What are the layers of the dermis? - correct answer papillary layer and reticular layer
(80% thickness0
What are apocrine glands? - correct answer Secrete sweat, fatty substances, & proteins
/ found in axillary & anogenital areas
What are ceruminous glands? Found? - correct answer produce ear wax / lining of
external ear canal
What do eccrine glands secrete? - correct answer sweat (99% water)
What are the 3 types of burns? - correct answer -1st degree: epidermal damage only
-2nd degree: epidermal & upper dermal damage
-r3rd degree: entire thickness of skin involved (nerve endings destroyed), skin grafting
usually necessary
How do you estimate the volume of fluid loss with a burn? - correct answer rule of nines
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