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NURS8024 Pharm Exam 3 (antimicrobial part 1)- Questions and Answers
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NURS8024 Pharm Exam 3 (antimicrobial part 1)-Questions and Answers
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Correct Ans-Estimate of the drug sensitivity of a
pathogen for comparison with anticipated levels in blood or tissues
Lowest concentration of antibiotic inhibiting bacterial growth
Effective antimicrobial Tx should have antibiotic concentration> MIC
Post-antibiotic effect (PAE) Correct Ans-Antibacterial effect that persists after drug
concentration falls below the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
Susceptibility testing Correct Ans-Culture indicates the sensitivity of the isolated pathogen
to specific antimicrobial drugs
Predicts MIC
- estimate of the drug sensitivity of pathogen compared to the anticipated levels in the blood
or tissues
BacterioSTATIC antimicrobial Correct Ans-Chloramphenicol,Clindamycin, Ethambutol,
Macrolides, Nitrofurantoin, Novobiocin, Oxazolidinones, Sulfonamides, Tetracyclines,
Tigercycline, Trimethoprim
Inhibits growth and replication of bacteria
, NURS8024 Pharm Exam 3 (antimicrobial part 1)-
Questions and Answers
Limits spread of infection-Enables immune system to attack pathogen
BacterialCIDAL antimicrobial Correct Ans-Aminoglycosides, Bacitracin, Beta- Lactam
antibiotics, Isoniazid, Ketolides, Ketolides, Metronidazole, Polymyxins, Pyrazinmide,
Quinolones, Rifampin, Streptogramins
Kills bacteria
Total number of viable organisms decreases
Concentration-dependent killing Correct Ans-Increased kill rate w/ increased
concentration
Often allows daily dosing to achieve efficacy w/ increased peak levels
Aminoglycosides & quinolones
Time-dependent killing Correct Ans-bactericidal activity dependent on time serum
concentration, ↑ MBC predicts efficacy
AUC/MIC ratio
, NURS8024 Pharm Exam 3 (antimicrobial part 1)-
Questions and Answers
Needs more frequent dosing
β lactams, macrolides, vancomycin
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors Correct Ans-Beta-lactams
(PCN, cephalosporins, Vanco)
Gram-positive bacteria Correct Ans-Stain violet/purple
cocci-Streptococcus pygenes
rods- Clostridium perfringens
Gram-negative bacteria Correct Ans-Stain pink
Aerobes Correct Ans-require oxygen
most common cause of infection
obligate aerobes & others
Common gram positive aerobes Correct Ans-Staphylococci-resistance- Methiciliin resistant
staphylococcus aureus (MRSA_
Streptococci
Enterococcus-resistance-Vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE)
, NURS8024 Pharm Exam 3 (antimicrobial part 1)-
Questions and Answers
Common gram negative aerobes Correct Ans-Moraxella catarrhalis
neisseria gonorrhoeae
Haemophilius influenzae (HIB)
Space bugs Correct Ans-Hard to treat organisms
Serratia
Pseeudomonas aeriginosa
Acinetobacter helocobacter
Citrobacter
Enterobacter
Anaerobes Correct Ans-Thrive w/out oxygen
Virulence factors
Release exotoxins
Local microbiota enter previously sterile tissue
common anerobes Correct Ans-Clostridium perringes, difficile (C-diff)
Fusobacterium
Actinomyces (abdominal infections), bacteroides fragilis- anarobe most commonly isolated
from intraabdominal infections and bacteremia
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