Define and identify, on a diagram of the earth:
(a) great circles;
→ Great circles are ones whose planes pass through the centre of the
earth and splits the earth into two equal parts, lines of meridians with
their anti-meridian form a great circle. The equator is also a great
circle.
De...
CPL Navigation Questions and
Answers (100% Pass)
Define and identify, on a diagram of the earth:
(a) great circles;
→ Great circles are ones whose planes pass through the centre of the
earth and splits the earth into two equal parts, lines of meridians with
their anti-meridian form a great circle. The equator is also a great
circle.
Define and identify, on a diagram of the earth:
(b) small circles;
→ Small circles are circles on the surface on the earth that do not pass
through the centre of the earth. Parallels of latitude other than the
equator are all small circles.
Define and identify, on a diagram of the earth:
(c) rhumb lines;
→ A rhumb line is a regularly curved line on the earths surface that cuts
all meridians at right angles.
Define and identify, on a diagram of the earth:
(d) parallels of latitude;
→ Parallels of lattitude are small circles (except the equator) that start at
0 deg at the equator and extend to 90 deg N at the north pole and 90
deg S at the south pole.
→ All meridians of longitude are great circles that pass through the north
and south poles as well as the centre of the earth. They start at 000 deg
E/W at the prime meridian and travel to 180 deg E/W at the prime
meridians anti-meridian.
Define and identify, on a diagram of the earth:
(f) Greenwich (Prime) Meridian.
→ The prime meridian is the meridian that runs through Greenwich and is
located at 000 deg E/W.
Define:
(a) relative bearing;
→ A relative bearing is the bearing of an object measured clockwise
from the nose of the aircraft.
Define:
(b) back bearing
→ Back bearing is the reciprocal of the relative bearing which can be
found by adding or subtracting 180 deg.
18.4.4 Explain the processes, cautions and limitations when deriving track
distances and
bearings from a chart.
→ To avoid problems when deriving distances and bearings from charts it
is important to do the following:
- ensure charts are the latest edition
- ensure the correct scale ruler is used for the chart
- align the protractor correctly with lat/long lines
- confirm whether the bearing is 'to' or 'from' an object
18.6.2 Define the various units of distance used in aviation and the
application of each.
(a) Nautical mile
→ A nautical mile is the length of an arc on a great circle that equates to
a 1-minute angle at the earths centre. A 1-degree angles will equate to
a 60nm arc.
1 nautical mile equates to:
- 1.15 statute miles
- 6076.12 feet
- 1.85 kilometres
18.6.2 Define the various units of distance used in aviation and the
application of each.
(b) Statute mile
→ Statute miles were decreed by law however have no practical
application in aeronautical navigation. 1 Statute miles equates to:
- 5,280 feet
- 0.87 nautical miles
- 1.6 kilometres
18.6.2 Define the various units of distance used in aviation and the
application of each.
(c) kilometre
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ExamArsenal. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £9.33. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
