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PHCY 512 Exam Questions with Correct Answers
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PHCY 512 Exam Questions with Correct Answers
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PHCY 512 Exam Questions with Correct AnswersNumber of molecules per mol of a substance?
- Weight in grams of mol of a substance? Correct Answer-6.022*10^23
- Weight in grams of mol is the molecular weight (C = 12 g/mol)
Molarity
Molality
- Effects of temperature on each? Correct Answer-Molarity: mol/L of
solvent
Molality: mol/kg of solvent
- Molarity only is temperature-dependent
Milliequivalents (mEq)
- Used for?
- How many mEq in a mol of NaCl? Correct Answer-Used for *serum
electrolyte concentration*
- NaCl -> Na+, Cl- = 1000 mEq (1 Eq)
take positive *or* negative charge of molecule, not both
How many mEq in 2 g of MgSO4?
- MW = 120 g Correct Answer-2g/120g = (0.017 mol)(2000 mEq/mol) =
33.3 mEq
Osmolarity
,- How many Osm/L in 1 mol of KCl? 1 mol of glucose? Correct
Answer-*Number of particles* in solution
- 1 mol KCl = 2 Osm/L
- 1 mol glucose = 1 Osm/L (no dissociation since it is *covalent*
What is the osmolarity (mOsm/L) of NS (0.9% NaCl)?
- MW NaCl = 58.5 Correct Answer-(9 g/L)/(58.5 g/mol)*(2000
mOsm/mol) = 308 mOsm/L
What is the osmolarity of D5W?
- MW dextrose 180 Correct Answer-(50g/L)/(180g/mol)*(1000
mOsm/L) = 278 mOsm/L
For covalent compounds, osmolarity is ___________ molarity Correct
Answer-equal to
Colligative properties depend on.... Correct Answer-*Number of
particles*, not the nature of the solute or solvent
Colligative property of freezing
- Ex? Correct Answer-Freezing point depression; example is salt on ice,
which lowers the freezing point + melts the ice
Colligative property of boiling point? Vapor pressure? Correct Answer-
Boiling point elevation
,Vapor pressure lowering (less volatile)
Osmosis
- Water flows into the _____ (more/less) concentrated area Correct
Answer-Simple diffusion of solute across a semi-permeable membrane
- Water flows into *more* concentrated area to reach equilibrium
Osmolarity vs dialysis Correct Answer-Osmosis: movement of solvent
(water)
Dialysis: movement of solute
Osmolarity vs tonicity Correct Answer-Osmolarity: concentration
considering *all particles* (including those that cannot cross membrane)
Tonicity: movement of water due to difference in osmotic pressure,
considering *only particles able to cross*
Osmolality Correct Answer-Osm/kg of solvent
NaCl equivalent method
- E value Correct Answer-Used to make *isotonic* solutions (0.9%
NaCl)
- E value tells how many g of NaCl per g of drug
, What amount (in g) of NaCl must be added to a liter of 1% pilocarpine
nitrate (E = 0.40) to make it isotonic? Correct Answer-1) Need 9 g of
NaCl total
2) (0.40 g NaCl/g drug)(10 g drug) = 4 g NaCl
3) 9 g - 4 g = 5 g of NaCl needed
Enthalpy (H) Correct Answer-Heat of system (kcal/mol)
- Exothermic releases heat and is favorable
- Endothermic requires heat and is unfavorable
Entropy (S) Correct Answer-Disorder of system (cal/mol*K)
- Positive is more disorder and favorable
- Negative is less disorder and unfavorable
Gibbs free energy (G) Correct Answer-deltaG = deltaH - T(deltaS)
- Negative = spontaneous
- Positive = non-spontaneous
What does G = 0 mean? Correct Answer-System is at equilibrium
3 stages of dissolution Correct Answer-1) Break solute-solute attractions
(endothermic)
2) Break solvent-solvent attractions (endothermic)
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