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AQA Year 1 Unit 1- Biomolecules Exam Latest Update
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AQA Year 1 Unit 1- BiomoleculesExam Latest Update
what is a monomer - Answer A monomer is a small unit that can join together repetitively
to form a larger molecule / polymer.
what is a polymer - Answer large number of monomer units joined together
What is the monomer of carbohydrates called? - Answer monosaccharides
What is the monomer of protein called? - Answer amino acids
What is the monomer of nucleic acids called? - Answer nucleotide
what happens in the condensation of two monosaccharides? - Answer glycosidic bond
is formed, water is released
what happens in the condensation of two amino acids? - Answer peptide bond forms
between the carbon of the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the nitrogen of the
amine group. Water is released.
what happens in the hydrolysis of a triglyceride to its component parts? - Answer Water
is used to break 3 ester bonds. This forms 3 fatty acids and one glycerol molecule and
uses up 3 molecules of water.
name 3 monosaccharides - Answer glucose, galactose and fructose
what is sucrose made from - Answer glucose and fructose
what is maltose made from - Answer two alpha glucose molecules
what is lactose made from - Answer glucose and galactose
what is the difference between alpha and beta glucose - Answer alpha glucose has the
H above the plane on carbon one, and beta glucose has the H below the plane on carbon
1.
how is glycogen made - Answer many alpha glucose join by 1,4 glycosidic bonds to
make a coiled chain, with 1,6 glycosidic bonds forming branches.
how is starch made - Answer amylose is coiled chains of alpha glucose joined by 1,4
glycosidic bonds formed in a condensation reaction.
amylopectin is branched chains of beta glucose joined by 1,6 glycosidic bonds formed
in a condensation reaction.
, how is cellulose made - Answer every other beta glucose molecule is flipped as they join
together via 1,4 glycosidic bonds. Many long straight chains of cellulose attract to each
other via hydrogen bonds able to be formed due to the closeness of each strand and
that each strand contains every other glucose rotated.
structure and function of glycogen - Answer Glycogen is a carbohydrate made from
many alpha glucose joined together by 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds. It has a coiled and
compact structure making it excellent for storing a lot of glucose molecules in a small
space. It has many branches so many ends /large surface area for action by enzymes to
hydrolyse glycosidic bonds and release glucose molecules quickly for respiration. It is
an insoluble polysaccharide that can be stored in cells without affecting water potential
and so not cause osmosis. Glycogen is a energy storage molecule.
structure and function of starch - Answer Starch is a polysaccharide made from many
Alpha glucose joined together. Two types of polymer make up starch, amylose which is
coiled and compact to store a lot of glucose in a small space. Amylopectin which is
branched for many ends to increase rate of hydrolysis to release glucose. Both
polymers are insoluble and can be stored without affecting water potential.
structure and function of cellulose - Answer Cellulose is a polysaccharide beta glucose.
Glycosidic bonds form between monomers, every other monomer if flipped 180 degrees.
This causes straight chains to form which can form hydrogen bonds between chains to
form micro fibrils. This gives cellulose strength for structural support in cell walls.
reducing sugar test - Answer Add excess benedicts solution which is blue to the sugar
solution and heat to 80 degrees. If the solution forms a brick red precipitate which can
be filtered off and removed. The remaining solution is blue, the darker the solution is the
lower the concentration of sugar.
non reducing sugar test - Answer Add benedicts, heat to 80 no brick red precipitate
forms. Then add acid, boil, and then add alkali to neutralise acid. Then add benedicts,
heat to 80, this time if brick red precipitate forms, it is a non reducing sugar.
iodine test - Answer Test for starch, add a few drops, should turn from orange brown to
blue/black solution.
name two groups of lipid - Answer triglycerides and phospholipids
what are the components of a triglyceride molecule - Answer 3 fatty acids joined by
ester bonds to one glycerol
what is meant by saturated and non saturated fatty acids - Answer saturated fatty acid
is a hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group and no carbon to carbon double bonds.
unsaturated fatty acid may have one (mono) or more (poly) carbon to carbon double
bonds and can therefore accept more hydrogens to their structure.
what is the structure of a phospholipid - Answer One glycerol, bonded to two fatty acids
(making hydrophobic fatty acid tails), and one phosphate group (forming hydrophilic
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