Topic 3 EESC 101 || All Questions Answered Correctly.
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Module
Topic 3 EESC 101
Institution
Topic 3 EESC 101
7 rules that define life/living thing correct answers 1) Living things have a program to make exact copies of themselves (DNA).
2) Life adapts and evolves - through life's program, mutation, and natural selection.
3) Life tends to be complex and highly organized - compartmentalization.
4) Living...
Topic 3 EESC 101 || All Questions Answered Correctly.
7 rules that define life/living thing correct answers 1) Living things have a program to make
exact copies of themselves (DNA).
2) Life adapts and evolves - through life's program, mutation, and natural selection.
3) Life tends to be complex and highly organized - compartmentalization.
4) Living things take energy from the environment and use it for growth and reproduction.
5) Organisms have regeneration systems that replace worn parts.
6) Life responds to environmental stimuli through feedback mechanisms. These responses
increase chances for survival.
7) Organisms maintain numerous separate metabolic reactions.
The three domains of living things that exist on earth: correct answers Scientists currently
recognize three domains of living things that exist on the Earth:
1) Archaea - are a group of recently discovered organisms that sometimes live in extremely
hostile habitats. Archaea are single-celled organisms that are similar in appearance to bacteria.
Biochemically and genetically very different from bacteria.
2) Bacteria - simple single-celled prokaryote organisms that generally lack chlorophyll.Obtain
energy mainly through fermentation and respiration.Bacteria important in decomposing organic
matter.The genus Rhizobium plays an important role in fixing atmospheric nitrogen.
3) Eukaryota - all organisms with a eukaryote cell type. Eukaryota includes the kingdoms
Protista, Fungi, Animalia, and Plantae.
Protista correct answers Protista mainly single-celled organisms. They have nuclear membranes
around their DNA and organelles. Many have both sexual and asexual reproduction. Protista
includes dinoflagellates, amoebas, paramecium, diatoms, and volvox. Multicellular protists -
slime molds, brown algae, red algae, and green algae. Most protists live in aquatic habitats and
are able to move on their own.
Fungi:
Lichens: correct answers Fungi mainly multi-cellular organisms. About 2.2 to 3.8 million
different species of fungi. Biologists once grouped fungi with plants. Many species of fungi are
heterotrophic decomposers or they live in symbiosis with another species.
Lichens involve the symbiotic relationship between a photosynthetic alga and a fungus.
Plantae: correct answers Plantae is composed of multi-cellular autotrophic organisms that are
photosynthetic. Cell walls made of cellulose. Have large central cellular vacuole. About 320,000
species of plants. Includes mosses (A), ferns (B), horsetails (C), conifers (D), angiosperms (E),
and the ginkgoes (F).
Animalia: correct answers Animalia is composed of multi-cellular organisms that are
heterotrophic. 1.5 million different species have been described maybe up 7 million species.
Examples include: insects (A), starfish (B), birds (C), and primates (D). Have two unique tissue
, types: nervous tissue and muscle tissue. Most animals produce their young through sexual
reproduction.
Approximately how many species are found on our planet according to biologists?
Why does the estimate vary?
How many have been classified?
Classification system is...and based on.... correct answers Classification of Life Biologists
estimate that about 5 to 100 million species are found on our planet. Variation in estimates large
because of defining what is a species. About 1.8 million have been classified. Modern species
classification is based on the work of Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778). Classification system is
taxonomic, phylogenic, and structurally based on Darwin's theory of evolution.
What theory did Charles Darwin's book "the Origin of Species" present?
What is evolution? correct answers Evolution and Life
In 1859, Charles Darwin wrote the Origin of Species. This work presented a theory of how life's
diversity came to exist. Evolution describes a process by which species can change their
adaptations overtime. The mechanism for evolution involves mutations and natural selection.
What is natural selection?
Does the environment change?
Does spatial isolation play into evolution? correct answers Natural selection determines which
individuals have the best set of adaptations to survive in their environment. Mutations constantly
add new adaptations to a species gene pool. Environment is also always changing. Evolution
results in a change in a species gene frequency overtime (genetic drift).Spatial isolation is also an
important condition for evolution.
How were the wild guppies effected by their environment (predators vs. no predators)? correct
answers The guppies with no predators evolved to have brighter colors so they were more
attractive to potential mates.
The guppies with predators tended to be less bright so they were less noticeable to predators.
What is spatial isolation?
What does spatial isolation cause?
What is divergent evolution? correct answers Spatial isolation may be due to distance, mountain
barriers, a river, etc. Spatial isolation causes a reduction in gene transfers between sub-
populations. Because no two environments are the same natural selection acts differently on the
separated subpopulations. Also, mutations are random events and are probably not being
replicated in the sub-populations. The end result of spatial isolation is divergent evolution and
the creation of new species
Functional levels of life: correct answers Life can be organized into several different levels of
function and complexity. These functional levels are:
• Species
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