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Ophtho Final Exam latest
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Ophtho Final ExamWhat is examined during a General Eye Examination? - ANS Full History
Visual Acuity
Color
Visual fields
Pupillary reaction
EOMs
Stereopsis (depth perception, ability to perceive 3D space)
What occupies 20% of the bony orbit of the eye? - ANS The eyeball
What occupies 80% of the bony orbit of the eye? - ANS Muscles and fat
How many bones make up the walls of the orbit? - ANS 7 bones
Many Friendly Zebras Enjoy Lazy Summer Picnics
Maxillary
Frontal
Zygomatic
Ethmoid
Lacrimal
Sphenoid
Palatine
What muscle is responsible for superior-nasal gaze? - ANS Inferior Oblique (CN III)
Which muscle controls superior-temporal gaze? - ANS Superior Rectus (CN III)
Which muscle is involved in lateral gaze? - ANS Lateral Rectus (CN VI) (remember "LR6")
,What muscle is responsible for inferior-temporal gaze? - ANS Inferior Rectus (CN III)
Which muscle controls inferior nasal gaze? - ANS Superior Oblique (CN IV) (remember "SO4")
Which muscle is responsible for inward gaze? - ANS Medial Rectus (CN III)
What gives shape and form to the eyelids? - ANS Tarsal plates within them
Why is normal eyelid shape important? - ANS To maintain normal hydration of the cornea and
conjunctiva
What is Coloboma? - ANS Rare, congenital condition that can cause a pupillary defect and other
ocular manifestations. It is considered a facial cleft disorder.
Defect with tarsal plate and eyelid, dry eye b/c can't close
What is a lid laceration of tarsal plate? - ANS A lid laceration of tarsal plate refers to a cut or tear in
the tarsal plate of the eyelid.
What are Meibomian glands? - ANS Sebaceous glands at the inner eyelid margins that provide an
oily layer to the tear film and on the lid margin to prevent tear spillover.
Where are the Glands of Zeis located? - ANS They are tiny sebaceous glands at the outer eyelid
margins which empty into hair follicles
What are the Glands of Moll? - ANS They are large sweat (apocrine) glands at the outer eyelid
margin
Where are lacrimal glands located? - ANS Lacrimal glands are located in the upper outer eyelids
Tears are secreted from the glands --> secretory ducts
,Where are tears collected before passing through the puncta? - ANS Tears are collected at the nasal
edge of the palpebral fissure before passing through the puncta --> superior and inferior canaliculi --
> lacrimal sac --> nasolacrimal duct --> nose in inferior meatus
What can nasolacrimal ducts be colonized with? - ANS Ducts can be colonized with nasal flora
- If sinus infection (bacterial)
What are the 3 layers of Tears? - ANS Outer oily layer (from Meibomian gland)
Middle watery layer (from lacrimal glands)
Inner mucoid layer (from goblet cells)
What enzyme is found in Tears that inhibits bacterial growth? - ANS Lysozyme
What type of Immunoglobulins are found in Tears? - ANS IgA Immunoglobulins
What is the function of tears related to the epithelium? - ANS Forms a smooth refractive surface on
epithelium and inhibits bacterial growth
What role do tears play in maintaining the environment for the epithelium? - ANS Maintains moist
environment for epithelium
What is one way tears contribute to the eye's health? - ANS Carries oxygen to the eye
What is the bulbar conjunctivae? - ANS Covers most of the eyeball (up to the cornea)
Where is the palpebral conjunctivae located? - ANS Lines the inside of the eyelids
What is the fornix in relation to the conjunctivae? - ANS Conjunctival fold between the lids and
eyeball
What is the term used to refer to inflammation of the conjunctivae? - ANS Chemosis
What is Chemosis/Injection? - ANS Swelling of the conjunctiva.
, Which part of the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina? - ANS Lens
What is the innermost layer of the eye that contains light-sensitive cells? - ANS Retina
What are the two layers of the inner layer of the retina? - ANS Inner nerve layer (consisting of axons
& ganglia)
Outer pigmented layer (photoreceptive layer) consisting of rods & cones
What structures make up the uveal tract (middle vascular layer)? - ANS Iris, ciliary body, and choroid
What is the outer fibrous layer of the eye called? - ANS Sclera
What is the sclera? - ANS The white of the eye which surrounds the entire eye, except for the
cornea.
What are the two layers of the sclera? - ANS Superficial sclera (episcler)
Deep layers of sclera (scler)
What is the composition of the anterior 1/6th of the eye? - ANS Cornea
How does the cornea receive its nourishment? - ANS Cornea itself is avascular
From the aqueous humor, tear film, and plexus of fine capillaries at limbus
What is the medical term for inflammation of the cornea? - ANS Keratitis
What is the main location where the greatest change in refractive index occurs? - ANS Mainly at the
air-corneal tear film interface
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