Exam (elaborations)
ASU MIC 205 Penton Exam 2
- Module
- ASU MIC 205 Penton Exam 2
- Institution
- ASU MIC 205 Penton Exam 2
ASU MIC 205 Penton Exam 2
[Show more]
Content preview
ASU MIC 205 Penton Exam 2DNA is made of - - nucleotides
- Uracil replaces what in RNA? - - Thymine
- Phosphodiester bond - - the two backbones of DNA
- DNAs structure is - - double helix
- Antiparallel - - 2 strands that run in opposite directions, 5' to 3'
- Complementary bases - - A-T, G-C
- Bacterial DNA's shape is always what and why? - - Circular and supercoiled
in shape and it helps gene transcription
- Plasmids (Conjugation) - - pilus, horizontal gene transfer, can integrate
into the chromosome (homologous recombination)
- F+ - - F plasmid
- F- - - no F plasmid
- Steps of horizontal gene transfer (conjugation) - - 1. F pilus extends and
binds to F- cell wall
2. Cells are drawn together, protein corridor forms between cells
3. DNase cuts plasmid DNA at target site, single strand moves across
corridor, F- cell synthesizes complementary strand, F+ cell replaces
transferred strand
4. Cells separate at completion of transfer and synthesis, both are now F+
and can conjugate with other F- cells
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens - - - able to transfer plasmids across kingdoms
(to plants)
- nitrogen fixing bacteria (gas to ammonia NH3)
- makes plant tumors that produce opines (opines=supplies N and energy to
the bacteria)
- these plasmids are endosymbionts of the bacteria and "parasites" of the
plant
- used for genetic engineering GMO crops and Ab production
- RNA - - single stranded molecule
- Ribosome - - mixture of DNA and RNA, will form complex structures
, - mRNA (messenger RNA) - - - blueprint
- copy of information in DNA that is brought to the ribosome where the
information is translated into a protein
- rRNA (ribosomal RNA) - - - factory
- the protein factories of the cells
- tRNA (trnasfer RNA) - - - truck
- brings amino acid to the ribosome
- Genotype - - set of genes in an organism
- Phenotype - - the physical manifestation of the genotype
- In a bacteria gene regulation occurs at what level? - - Transcription
- tRNA contains what that bring amino acids to the growing polypeptide
chain? - - anticodons
- Transcription is... - - DNA to RNA
- RNA polymerase is responsible for what? - - Reading the DNA blue print
and converting it into single stranded RNA
- What does the sigma factor do in transcription? - - Enhances the binding of
the DNA poly, the faster gene expression is going to be.
- Two ways for termination of transcription... - - 1. At the end you have a
terminator, RNA poly reads it and forms a stem-loop (thermodynamic
structure), after it forms it knocks off RNA poly. Rho independent
termination.
2. Rho dependent follows RNA and catches up to it and knocks it off.
- Protein synthesis is... - - A section of DNA (a gene) being transcribed and
translated to produce a protein.
- Genes can be turned on and off. Why is this necessary? - - 1. It is a waste
of energy, needs to regulate how much energy is used.
2. Can help us control disease-causing bacteria.
- Beta-lactamase - - An enzyme that cuts up and deactivates penicillin. Only
expressed in the presence of penicillin. Inducible (turned off) when not in
presence of penicillin.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Victorious23. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £10.20. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75632 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now