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NURS 8022 Exam 1 Patho- Questions and Answers Graded 2024 £10.22   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

NURS 8022 Exam 1 Patho- Questions and Answers Graded 2024

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Negative Feedback -Answer- Promotes stability; cancels out the original response. Ex: High FSBS, increased insulin by the pancreas Positive Feedback -Answer- Promotes a change in one direction; instability, DISEASE. Ex: Blood clotting, platelet cascade Proteins -Answer- Provide selectivity to...

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  • September 29, 2024
  • 11
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NURS 8022
  • NURS 8022
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NURS 8022 Exam 1 Patho



NURS 8022 Exam 1 Patho- Questions
and Answers Graded 2024
Negative Feedback -Answer- ✔Promotes stability; cancels out the original response.
Ex: High FSBS, increased insulin by the pancreas

Positive Feedback -Answer- ✔Promotes a change in one direction; instability,
DISEASE. Ex: Blood clotting, platelet cascade

Proteins -Answer- ✔Provide selectivity to a membrane

Integral proteins -Answer- ✔channels, pores, carriers, enzymes, receptors, second
messengers

Peripheral proteins -Answer- ✔Enzymes, intracellular, signal mediatiors

ATP -Answer- ✔Converted to ADP to produce energy; chemical bonds between 2nd
and 3rd phosphate groups have abundant energy

Simple/passive diffusion -Answer- ✔Occurs down a concentration gradient; from HIGH
to LOW concentration

Simple/passive diffusion -Answer- ✔Diffuse from high to lower pressure; diffusion will
not occur if the membrane is non permeable to the molecule

Factors that affect the net rate of diffusion -Answer- ✔1. Concentration difference (high
to low)
2. Electrical Potential (EMF)- charge difference on each side of the membrane matters
TOO!
3. Pressure difference (higher pressure results in increased energy)

Osmosis -Answer- ✔Passive transport of fluid across a membrane; from an area of low
solute concentration to high solute concentration (high FLUID to low FLUID)

Primary Active Transport -Answer- ✔Molecules are "pumped" against ("uphill") a
concentration; DIRECT USE OF ENERGY

Secondary Active Transport -Answer- ✔Trasport is driven by the energy STORED in the
concentration gradient of another molecule (Na+); INDIRECT USE OF ENERGY

Na+- K+ ATPase -Answer- ✔Carrier protein located on the plasma membrane of alll
cells; enzyme that converts ATP to ADP to release energy



NURS 8022 Exam 1 Patho

, NURS 8022 Exam 1 Patho


-Important role in regulating osmotic balance
-Requires one to two thirds of cells energy

Ca2+ ATPase -Answer- ✔Maintains a low cystosolic Ca2+ concentration

H+ ATPase -Answer- ✔- Found in parietal cells of gastric glands (HCl secretion) and
intercalated cells of renal tubules (controls blood pH)
- Concentrates H+ ions up to 1 million-fold

Remember: Sodium Potassium Pump -Answer- ✔sodium is pumped out of the cell;
potassium is pumped in...

Secondary Active Transport; Co-transport -Answer- ✔Co-transport: Substance is
transported in the same direction as the "driver" ion (Na+)

Counter transport -Answer- ✔Substance is transported in the opposite direction as the
driver ion Na+

How do cardiac glycosides increase cardiac contractility? -Answer- ✔Increase
intracellular Ca2+

ungated Ion Channels -Answer- ✔determined by size, shape, distribution of charge

Gated Ion Channels -Answer- ✔-volgate (e.g.) Voltage dependent Na+ channels)
-Chemically (e.g. Nicotinic AcH receptor channels)

Ion Channels -Answer- ✔Conductance depends on probability that channel is open.

Equilibrium Potential -Answer- ✔the diffusion potential that exactly balances or opposes
the tendency for diffusion down the concentration difference.

If a membrane were permeable to only K+ then... -Answer- ✔K+ would diffuse down its
concentration gradient until the electrical potential across the membrane countered
diffusion. (moving from inside the cell down its concentration gradient to the outside of
the cell).

Potassium Nernst Potential -Answer- ✔Also called equilibrium potential; if the
membrane were only permeate to K+; the Vm would be -94mv.

Sodium Nernst Potential -Answer- ✔If the membrane were only permeable to Na+ then
the Vm would be +61mv.

The Goldman Hodgkin Katz Equation -Answer- ✔The resting membrane potential is
closest to the equilibrium potential for the ion with the highest permeability!


NURS 8022 Exam 1 Patho

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